Organic chemistry paper 2

Question 1

Define hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 2

What is fractional distillation, what does it do?

Answer 2

A way to seperate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the different liquids at different temperatures then condensing and collecting the liquids.

Question 3

What are fractions what is meant by them?

Answer 3

They are hydrocarbons with similar boiling points and are seperated from crude oil.

Question 4

Define the term saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 4

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between its carbon atoms.

Question 5

Define the term unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 5

A hydrocarbon whose molecules contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond.

Question 6

What is combustion?

Answer 6

Burning a fuel in oxygen.

Question 7

What is cracking and what does it do?

Answer 7

It is the reaction used in the oil in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones.

Question 8

What is thermal decomposition?

Answer 8

The breakdown of compounds by heating them.

Question 9

What is a polymer?

Answer 9

A substance made from very large molecules,made up of many repeating units(monomers).

Question 10

What is meant by the term organic?

Answer 10

Compounds that contain carbon covalently bonded to other elemrnts typically hydrogen,oxygen and hydrogen.

Question 11

What is the formula for the structure of alkanes?

Answer 11

C2 H2n+2

Question 12

What is the formula for the structure of alkenes?

Answer 12

C2 H2n

Question 13

What are the rules for structure of alkanes?

Answer 13

1.) Only single bonds between each carbon atom
2.) Each molecule is saturated

Question 14

What are the rules for the structure of alkenes?

Answer 14

1.) One double bond per molecule
2.) Each molecule is unsaturated having a double bond between 2 carbon atoms.

Question 15

What are the products of complete combustion?

Answer 15

Carbon dioxide and water only.

Question 16

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

Answer 16

Carbon monoxide and water.

Question 17

What is meant by a substances volatility?

Answer 17

How easy a liquid evapourates at lower temperatures.

Question 18

What is meant by a homologous series?

Answer 18

A group of organic compounds that have the same functional group but differ in the number of carbon atoms that make up that molecule.

Question 19

What is the process esterfication?

Answer 19

A reaction between a carboxylic acid and alchol to produce an ester.

Question 20

What is the process fermentation?

Answer 20

A biochemical reaction that produces ethanol.

Question 21

What is a monomer?

Answer 21

Smaller unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules that bond to form a polymer chain.

Question 22

What is an addition polymer?

Answer 22

When the double covalent bond of monomer molecules breaks to be replaced by single carbon-carbon bonds.

Question 23

What is a condensation polymer?

Answer 23

Ester link between carboxhylic acid molecules and diols to release water.

Question 24

What do the alchol group have in common?

Answer 24

They are a family of organic molecules that have the OH functional group.

Question 25

What do carboxylic acids react with and what do they form?

Answer 25

Carboxylic acids will react with carbonates to form a salt,water and carbon dioxide.

Question 26

What are carboxylic classified as (strong/weak acid) and why?

Answer 26

1.) they are classified as a weak acid
2.) This is because they do not ionise completely when dissolved in water, stronger acids completely ionise when dissolved in water and form more H+ ions than carboxylic acids.

Question 27

What does addition polymerisation produce?

Answer 27

They produce plastics which are polymers made from the bonding of many unsaturated(monomer) hydrocarbon molecules.

Question 28

What does condensation polymerisation produce , How does it do this(what does it react with)?

Answer 28

This is the reaction between dicarboxhylic acid and diols(alcohol) to produce a polymer and a small molecule.

Question 29

What are some examples of natural polymers?

Answer 29

Polysaccharides(starch) Polypeptides(proteins) and DNA.