Organic Chemistry Part 2 - Unit 2 Topic 5

Question 1

Greek:
What does poly mean?
What does mer mean?

Answer 1

Many

Part

Question 2

What are polymers?

Answer 2

Large organic molecules formed when small molecules join together in long chains.

Question 3

What is polymerisation?

Answer 3

Produces a large macromolecule by chemically adding together many small molecules.

Question 4

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 4

Process of adding monomers together to make a polymer.

Question 5

What is a monomer?

Answer 5

Small molecules that add together to make a polymer.

Question 6

How is polythene made?

Answer 6

Joining together ethene molecules.

Question 7

How is polyvinylchloride made?

Answer 7

Joining together lots of molecules of vinyl chloride (chloroethene)

Question 8

Draw a diagram of Ethene -> polyethene

Answer 8

Check book

Question 9

Drew a diagram of vinyl chloride -> polyvinylchloride

Answer 9

See book

Question 10

What are the properties of polythene?

Answer 10

Light, flexible + resistant to attack by acids + alkalis.

Question 11

Why are the uses of polythene?

Answer 11

Cling film, plastic bags, bottles, buckets + basins

Question 12

What are the properties of PVC?

Answer 12

Tough, durable, waterproof + a good insulator.

Question 13

What are the uses of PVC?

Answer 13

Electric cables, guttering, drain pipes, umbrellas + window frames.

Question 14

What are the benefits of plastics?

Answer 14

Less dense than other materials, resistant to chemicals + water, insulating, long lasting, inexpensive to produce.

Question 15

Symbol equation to show how polypropene is made from ethene.

Answer 15

n[CH2CHCH3] -> -[CH2-CHCH3]

Question 16

What are the advantages of landfill?

Answer 16

Local treatment so less transport needed, landscape can be re-landscaped after use.

Question 17

Disadvantages of landfill?

Answer 17

Wastes land + polluting gases released.

Question 18

Advantages of incineration?

Answer 18

Less waste going to landfill + heat energy can generate electricity.

Question 19

Disadvantages of incineration?

Answer 19

Ash reside is toxic + polluting gases are released.

Question 20

What plastics can be melted and remoulded?

Answer 20

Thermoplastics.

Question 21

What are biodegradable plastics made from?

Answer 21

Maize starch

Question 22

What is the general formula of alcohols?
What are they derived from? Why?
Which is water soluble?

Answer 22

C(n)H(2n+1)OH
Alkanes. Replace H atom by a hydroxyl group (-OH)
Ethanol

Question 23

Molecular formula, state at room temp + boiling point of methanol + ethanol?

Answer 23

CH3OH. Liquid. 65°C.

C2H5OH. Liquid. 79°C.

Question 24

Structural formula of methanol?

Answer 24

H
             |
H-----C-----OH
            |
           H

Question 25

Structural formula of ethanol?

Answer 25

``` H H H | | | H--C---C----O | | H H ```

Question 26

What are the uses of ethanol?

Answer 26

Alcoholic beverages, solvent, fuel.

Question 27

When does fermentation occur?

Answer 27

Mixture of yeast + aqueous glucose solution kept in warm place.

Question 28

What is fermentation?

Answer 28

Process of yeast converting sugar into carbon dioxide and alcohol.

Question 29

Word equation for fermentation?

Answer 29

Glucose ------> Carbon dioxide + ethanol | Enzyme in yeast

Question 30

When is yeast killed? | How can you concentrate it further?

Answer 30

When proportion of ethanol reaches 14%. Any further concentration must be carried out by fractional distillation.

Question 31

How is ethanol made?

Answer 31

Catalytic hydration of ethene.

Question 32

What is a hydration reaction?

Answer 32

When water is being added to a molecule.

Question 33

Word + symbol equation for making ethanol with ethene?

Answer 33

Ethene + Water (steam) ---> Ethanol | C2H4 + H2O ---> C2H5OH

Question 34

What are the harmful effects of alcohol?

Answer 34

Damages liver, impaired coordination, slower responses.

Question 35

What are used to detect alcohol levels in blood? How do they work? What is a more accurate Method?

Answer 35

Breathalysers Potassium dichromate changes colour from orange to green when ethanol is present. Oxides ethanol to Ethanoic acid which changes colour. Infrared spectroscopy, determines exact amount present.

Question 36

What are the advantages of ethanol as a fuel?

Answer 36

Clean + smokeless, liquid, easily transferred + stored, doesn't produce sulphur dioxide (acid rain) + carbon neutral.

Question 37

What are the carboxylic acids? | Give their molecular formula, state at room temp and boiling temp.

Answer 37

``` Methanoic Acid, HCOOH, liquid, 101°C. Ethanoic acid (vinegar), CH3COOH, liquid, 118°C. ```

Question 38

Draw the structural formula of methanoic acid.

Answer 38

``` O || C / \ H OH ```

Question 39

Draw the structural formula of Ethanoic acid.

Answer 39

``` H O | // H---C-------C | \ H O----H ```