Organic Chemistry Properties Flashcards
(12 cards)
the temperature at which bonds break, changing a liquid to a gas is dependent on
the strength of intermolecular forces, length of carbon-carbon chain, branching within compounds and the polarity of the compound
intermolecular forces in alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
dispersion forces
intermolecular forces in haloalkanes, aldehydes, ketones and esters
dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces
intermolecular forces in alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines and amides
dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding
why do esters have a lower boiling point
although they are polar, they have no free hydoxyl groups to form hydrogen vonds
why do dispersion forces increase in strength as the length of the carbon chain increases
because there are more electrons so there is a greater chance that a spontaneous dipole moment will arise
viscosity
the measure of the resistance to flow of substances, reflecting the substances structural properties
what liquids have a higher viscosity
those with stronger, polar intermolecular forces
why does viscosity decrease as temperature increases
the kinetic energy of its molecules gradually increases and overcomes the intermolecular forces between molecules, allowing the molecules to move more freely past each other
petrodiesel polarity
non polar compound with only dispersion forces
biodiesel polarity compared to petrodiesel and why
polar, forming dipole-dipole interactions due to the polar ester functional group, also longer than petrodiesel due hence stronger dispersion forces
why is biodiesel harder to store/manage in comparison to petrodiesel
it has a higher boiling point and viscosirt, making it more difficult to transfer from stroage and provide fuel for a vehicle as it doesn’t flow along fuel lines well (in colder climates)
