Organic Chemistry- Reactions And Compounds

Question 1

Naming Organic Compounds

Answer 1

1) Identify longest carbon chain, which gives the stem.
2) Find main functional group, which gives suffix/prefix.
3) Number carbon chain, main functional group must have lowest number.
4) Add other side chains to start of name in alphabetical order, whilst quoting the carbon number that it’s attached to.
5) For identical side chains, use di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.

Question 2

Addition reaction

Answer 2

When 2+ molecules join together to form another molecule.
H H H H
| | | |
C-C + Br -> H-C-C-H
| | | |
H H Br Br

Question 3

Polymerisation reaction

Answer 3

A reaction where many monomers join together to make a long chain polymer. Lots of simple molecules form a giant molecule, eg. Propene->Polypropene.

There are multiple kinds, eg. Addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation.

Question 4

Elimination reaction

Answer 4

A reaction where atoms or small groups are lost from adjacent carbon atoms (lameness formed). Common products= XH and H2O.

Question 5

Substitution

Answer 5

A reaction where an atom or group is replaced by another. Halogenalkanes undergo substitution reactions- these will be a big focus.

Question 6

Hydrolysis

Answer 6

A reaction where a molecule is split by adding H+ and -OH (derives from water). Also falls under substitution.

Question 7

Oxidation reaction

Answer 7

A reaction in which a species loses electrons (also gaining oxygen/losing hydrogen).

Question 8

Reduction

Answer 8

A reaction in which a species gains electrons (also losing oxygen/gaining hydrogen).