Reactions Flashcards by Grace Royle

Q

Alkane -> Haloalkane

A

X2, UV light

Free Radical Substitution

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Q

Alkene -> Alkane

A

H2, Ni/Pt catalyst, 150 degrees Celsius

Hydrogenation

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Q

Alkene-> Haloalkane

A

HX/X2

Electrophilic addition

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Q

Haloalkane -> Alkene

A

KOH (alc), heated under reflux

Elimination

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Q

Alkene -> Alcohol

A

Dil. H3PO4 (aq)

Electrophilic addition

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Q

Alcohol-> Alkene

A

Conc. H2SO4 (aq)

Dehydration/elimination

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Q

Haloalkane -> Alcohol

A

KOH (aq), heated under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Alcohol-> Haloalkane

A

PCl5

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Haloalkane -> Primary Amine

A

Excess conc. NH3 (alc)

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Primary amine -> Secondary amine/Secondary amine -> Tertiary amine

A

RX

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Haloalkane -> Nitrile

A

KCN (alc), heated und reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Nitrile -> Primary amine

A

H2/Ni catalyst

Reduction

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Q

Primary amine -> Secondary amide

A

Acyl chloride

Nucleophilic addition/elimination

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Q

Primary alcohol -> Carboxylic acid

A

H+/Cr2O7-, heated under reflux

Oxidation

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Q

Carboxylic acid -> Primary alcohol

A

LiAlH4 (dry ether)

Reduction

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Q

Secondary alcohol -> Ketone

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A

H+/Cr2O7, heated under reflux

Oxidation reaction

Q

Ketone -> Hydroxynitrile

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A

KCN/HCN

Nucleophilic addition

Q

Ketone -> Secondary alcohol

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A

LiAlH4 (dry ether)

Reduction

Q

Primary alcohol -> Aldehyde

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A

H+/Cr2O7, distillation

Oxidation

Q

Aldehyde -> Hydroxynitrile

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A

KCN/HCN

Nucleophilic addition

Q

Aldehyde -> Primary alcohol

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A

LiAlH4

Reduction

Q

Aldehyde -> Carboxylic acid

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A

H+/Cr2O7, heating under reflux

Oxidation

Q

Alcohol -> Ester

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A

COOH/R-COCl, conc. H2SO4 catalyst, reflux

Esterification

Q

Ester -> Carboxylic acid

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A

H2O

Acid hydrolysis

Carboxylic acid -> Ester

Alcohol, room temp. | Esterification

Acyl chloride -> Carboxylic acid

H2O, room temp. | Hydrolysis

Acyl chloride -> Ester

Alcohol, room temp. | Nucleophilic addition, elimination

Acyl chloride -> Primary amide

Conc. NH3, room temp. | Nucleophilic addition, elimination

Primary amide -> Carboxylic acid

H2O | Acid hydrolysis

Nitrile -> Carboxylic acid

HCl/H2SO4, reflux | Acid hydrolysis