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Flashcards in organic disorders Deck (23)
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1
Q

organic disorder def

A

mental disorder due to common demonstrable aetiology of cerebral disease, brain injury or other insult leading to cerebral dysfunction

2
Q

1ry vs 2ry organic disorder

A

1ry: direct effect on brain
2ry: systemic disease that affects brain in addition to other organs

3
Q

common features organic disorders

A

cognitive: memory, learning, intellect
mood: depressed, anxiety, elevation
psychotic: hallucination, delusion
personality + behavioural disturbance
sensorium: consciousness, attention

4
Q

acute/subacute organic disorders

A

delirium
organic mood disorder
organic psychotic disorder

5
Q

chronic organic disorder

A

dementia
amnesic syndrome
organic personality change

6
Q

delirium tremens

A

complicate acute alcohol withdrawal
impaired memory, hallucinatinos, confusion

Rx benzodiazepines

7
Q

wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

acute confusional state
ataxia
nystagmus
opthalmoplegia

acute thiamine deficiency

8
Q

korsakoff’s

A

imapaired anterograde memory
personality changes, apathy, loss initiative
confabulation

9
Q

hepatic encephalopathy

A

advanced alcohol liver disease, due to build up of toxins

psychomotor retardation, drowsy, confusion

10
Q

alcohol related brain damage

A

spectrum of alcohol related medical disorders

cog impairment when sober: short term memory, long-term recall, new skill acquisition

11
Q

causes of alcohol related brain damage

A
neurotoxic effects of alcohol 
head injury 
vitamin deficiencies
cerebrovascular disease
hypoxia
hypoglycaemia
12
Q

alcohol related brain damage signs on imaging

A

cortical atrophy

ventricular enlargement

13
Q

adults w incapacity: incapable of

A
acting 
making decisions
communicating decisions
understanding decisions
retain memory of decisions
14
Q

dementia

A

chronic global cognitive impairment

usually progressive

15
Q

types of dementia

A
vascular 
alzheimer's
mixed
lewy body 
frontotemporal 

2ry: huntingtons, head injury, parkinsons

16
Q

dementia general features

A

progressive onset
longterm symptomology
constant cog decline

17
Q

depressive pseudodementia features

A

rapid onset
short term symptomology
fluctuating cog decline
depressed mood

18
Q

steroid induced psychosis

A

dosage related to incidence but not to timing, duration or severity
subsequent events not predicted by previous reactions

consider tapering steroids
consider anti-psychotic, mood stabiliser

19
Q

anti-NMDA receprot encephalitis

A

autoimmune disease that targets NMDA receptors
presents initially w psychiatric symptoms e.g. psychosis

rx w immunotherapy: IV Ig, plasmapharesis, rituximab

20
Q

NMDA receptor

A

ionotropic glutamate receptor involved in synaptic plasticity and memory function

21
Q

delirium features

A
impaired consciousness and attention 
global disturbance cognition 
psychomotor disturbance
disturbance sleep wake cycle
emotional disturbance
22
Q

delirium characteristics

A

rapid onset
diuranally fluctuating
<6mo

23
Q

delirium causes

A
medications: anticholinergic durgs
drug abuse: cocaine
withdrawal: alcohol
metabolic: hypoglycaemia, uraemia
vitamin def.: thiamine, B12
endocrinopathies
infections
head injury, stroke
SLE