Organic nomenclature and properties Flashcards
(23 cards)
constituational isomers and their def + ex
const- same molec but diff arrg of atoms
structural - same family (alkene) and formula
functional - same formula, diff families (either, alcohol)
stereoisomers and their def
stereo -
diasteroemers - cis, trans stuff, from alkenes
enentiomers - mirror images, at least 1 c bonded to 4 diff things
what is condensed structure drawing
CH3CH2CH2CH3
add brackets for branches
what is isopropyl, sec butel, iso-butyl, tert-butyl
iso-propyl = prop-2-yl
sec-butyl = but - 2 - yl
iso - butyl = y shape of 4 C
tert butyl = clover shape of 5 C
alkane properties and naming rules
molecule formula
CnH2n+2
alkane - non polar, insol, gas if small, waxy if big, many branches, small = low bpt, few branches, big = high bpt
alkene properties
cis trans effect
CnH2n
similar to alkenes
shape and loc of dbl bond affect bpt
cis, trans can also affect it.
cis - high bpt, pol
trans- higher mpt, nonpol, pack better than cis
alkyne properties
CnH2n-2 formula
nonpolar
higher bpt than alkane bc its straight so stronger attractive forces
cyclic and aromatic naming rules+ properties
ring is parent unless chain is longer,
start with cyclo
if branches, do alpha order
nonpol, slightly higher bpt than the straight chains, smell
benzene naming and properties
(also Ortho, meta, para)
end in benzene
if its a chain then phenyl
if 2 branches, can be of diff type
Ortho - 1,2
meta -1,3
para - 1.4
can shorten to o,m,p
what is phenol, toluene, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, analine
benzene with groups attached
phenol - add alc branch
toluene - add 1 methyl
benzoic acid - add 1 carb acid
aniline - add 1 N branch
ex. 5-methylphenol
alcohols naming and properties
hydroxy or -ol
can be prim, sec or tert
very polar, smaller = more polar, hbond, soluble, liquid at rm temp, high bpt,mpt, flammable, poison
haloalkanes naming and properties
low priority, always branch
alpha order, ignore di,tri Simi structure, polarity to alcs
bromo, chloro, fluror
amines naming and properties
amino or -amine ending
can be prim, tert, sec
put N before any branches, put before numbered branches
polar, Hbond, if small = very solub, higher bpt if prim or sec, weak bases
ether naming and properties
single bonded O in middle of chain
take longest chain, that is the ending other one has -oxy added to it, do alpha order if other branches(2-methoxyheptane)
less polar than alc, Hbond only with h2o, soluble when small, flammable, lower bpt than alc
aldehyde naming and properties
end with -al, is always at an end
if on branch call formyl
is double bonded O at end of chain
Hbond only with water
ketone naming and properties
oxo or end with -one
double bonded O in middle of chain
very polar, no Hbond, sim bpt and solub as aldes
Ester naming and properties
double bonded O with another O attached to the carbon
side with O dbl bond- name with -oate, include carb acid c
side with O give alkyl name
ex methyl ethanoate
polar, only hbond with water, bpt lower than alc, carb acid, smelly
carboxylic acids naming and properties
end in oic acid, always take precedence
always a the end of chain
very polar, Hbond, highest bpt, solub if small, weak acid
amide naming and properties
end with amide
double bonded O and N on the carbon, can be prim, sec, tern
use N if branches on N, list before nums, then alpha
polar(depends on if prim, sec, tert), solub, high mpt,bpt if prim or sec
highest mpt or bpt of everything
functional groups listen based on boiling point
Alkanes < Alkenes < Haloalkanes < Ethers < Esters< Amines < Aldehydes < Ketones < Alcohols < Carboxylic Acids< amides
Functional groups ranked by polarity
Carboxylic Acids (R-COOH)
Amides (R-CONR2)
Aldehydes (R-CHO)
Ketones (R-CO-R’)
Ethers (R-O-R’)
Alkenes (R-CH=CH-R’)
Alkanes (R-CH3)
