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Chemistry OCR A > Organic reaction equations > Flashcards

Organic reaction equations Flashcards

1
Q

Alkene + Halogen =

A

Alkene + Halogen ⟶ Dihaloalkane

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2
Q

Alkane + Halogen +

A

Alkane + halogen ⟶ Haloalkane + HX

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3
Q

Alkene + H₂ =

A

Alkene + H₂ ⟶ Alkane

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4
Q

Alkene + Hydrogen Halide =

A

Alkene + Hydrogen Halide ⟶ Haloalkane

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5
Q

Alkene + H₂O (g) ⇌

A

Alkene + H₂O (g) ⇌ Alcohol

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6
Q

Alcohol + Halide ion =

A

Alcohol + Halide ion ⟶ Haloalkane + OH-

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7
Q

Dehydration of an Alcohol =

A

Alcohol ⟶ Alkene + water (Dehydration)

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8
Q

Alcohol + Oxygen =

A

Alcohol + Oxygen ⟶ Carbon Dioxide + water

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9
Q

Primary Alcohol + [O] ⟶ (Distillation)

A

Primary Alcohol + [O] ⟶ Aldehyde + Water

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10
Q

Primary Alcohol + 2[O] ⟶ (Reflux)

A

Primary Alcohol + 2[O] ⟶ Carboxylic Acid + water

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11
Q

Secondary Alcohol + [O] ⟶

A

Secondary Alcohol + [O] ⟶ Ketone + water

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12
Q

Haloalkane + OH⁻ ⟶

A

Haloalkane + OH⁻ ⟶ Alcohol + X⁻

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13
Q

Benzene + NO₂ ⁺ ⟶

A

Benzene + NO₂ ⁺ ⟶ Nitrobenzene + H⁺

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14
Q

Benzene + Halogen ⟶

A

Benzene + Halogen ⟶ Halobenzene + HX

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15
Q

Benzene + Haloalkane ⟶

A

Benzene + Haloalkane ⟶ Alkylbenzene + HX

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16
Q

Benzene + Acyl chloride ⟶

A

Benzene + Acyl chloride ⟶ Phenylketone + HCl

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17
Q

Phenol + HNO₃ ⟶

A

Phenol + HNO₃ ⟶ Nitrophenol + water

18
Q

Phenol + Bromine ⟶

A

Phenol + Bromine ⟶ Bromophenol + HBr

19
Q

Phenol + NaOH ⟶

A

Phenol + NaOH ⟶ Sodiumphenoxide + water
Phenol + Na ⟶ Sodiumphenoxide + H₂

20
Q

Aldehyde + 2[H] ⟶

A

Aldehyde + 2[H] ⟶ Primary Alcohol

21
Q

Ketone + 2[H] ⟶

A

Ketone + 2[H] ⟶ Secondary alcohol

22
Q

Carbonyl + Hydrogen Cyanide ⟶

A

Carbonyl + Hydrogen Cyanide ⟶ Hydroxynitrile

Hydroxynitrile = molecule with OH and CN group

23
Q

Carboxylic acid + Metal ⟶

A

Carboxylic acid + Metal ⟶ Salt + H₂(g)

24
Q

Carboxylic acid + Metal Carbonate ⟶

A

Carboxylic acid + Metal Carbonate ⟶ Salt + H₂O + CO₂

25
Q

Carboxylic acid + Alkali ⟶

A

Carboxylic acid + Alkali ⟶ Salt + water
Alkali = metal hydroxide

26
Q

Carboxylic acid + Metal Oxide ⟶

A

Carboxylic acid + Metal Oxide ⟶ Salt + water

27
Q

Carboxylic acid + SOCl₂ ⟶

A

Carboxylic acid + SOCl₂ ⟶ Acyl Chloride + HCl + SO₂

28
Q

Acyl Chloride + Alcohol ⟶

A

Acyl Chloride + Alcohol ⟶ Ester + HCl

29
Q

Acyl Chloride + phenol ⟶

A

Acyl Chloride + phenol ⟶ Ester + HCl

30
Q

Acyl Chloride + Water ⟶

A

Acyl Chloride + Water ⟶ Carboxylic acid + HCl

Vigorous reaction with cold water

31
Q

Acyl Chloride + Ammonia ⟶

A

Acyl Chloride + Ammonia ⟶ Primary Amide + HCl

In the lab: HCl reacts with NH₃: produce NH₄Cl

32
Q

Acyl Chloride + Amine ⟶

A

Acyl Chloride + Amine ⟶ Secondary Amide + HCl

Use a primary amine

33
Q

Alcohol + Carboxylic acid ⟶

A

Alcohol + Carboxylic acid ⟶ Ester + Water

34
Q

Alcohol + Acid Anhydride ⟶

A

Alcohol + Acid Anhydride ⟶ Ester + carboxylic Acid

Acid anhydride = 2 carboxylic acid molecules
slow: speed up by warming

35
Q

Ester + water ⇌

A

Ester + water ⇌ Carboxylic acid + alcohol

36
Q

Ester + Alkali ⟶

A

Ester + Alkali ⟶ Carboxylate salt + alcohol

37
Q

Amine + Acid ⟶

A

Amine + Acid ⟶ Ammonium salt

38
Q

Ammonia + Haloalkane ⟶

A

Ammonia + Haloalkane ⟶ Primary Aliphatic Amine + NH₄X

Nucleophilic substitution
excess ethanol ammonia used
forms a primary aliphatic (no benzene) amine

39
Q

Primary Amine + Haloalkane ⟶

A

Primary Amine + Haloalkane ⟶ Secondary Aliphatic Amine + NH₄X

Nucleophilic substitution
Substitution continues: get a mixture of primary, secondary + tertiary amines + quaternary ammonium salts (separate by fractional distillation)

40
Q

Nitrobenzene + 6[H] ⟶

A

Nitrobenzene + 6[H] ⟶ Phenylamine + 2H₂O

Chemistry OCR A (11 decks)

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