Organic Reaction Pathways

Question 1

Alkane -> Haloalkane

Answer 1

Substitution
X2 (in presence of UV)
- produces Hx

Question 2

Haloalkane -> Alcohol

Answer 2

Substitution
OH OR H2O (catalyst)
- produces x or Hx

Question 3

Alkene -> Alkane

Answer 3

Hydrogenation

H2 (metal catalyst)

Question 4

Haloalkane -> Amine

Answer 4

NH3

- produces Hx

Question 5

Alkene -> Haloalkane (or dihaloalkane)

Answer 5

Halogenation

Hx OR X2 [forms dihaloalkane)

Question 6

Alkene -> Alcohol

Answer 6

Hydration

H2O - steam and H3PO4 (catalyst AND 300C)

Question 7

Alcohol -> Alkene

Answer 7

conc. H2SO4 OR conc. H3PO4

- produces H2O

Question 8

Alkene -> Polyalkene

Answer 8

Addition Polymerisation

catalyst OR high temp

Question 9

Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid -> Ester

Answer 9

Esterification

conc. H2SO4
- produces H2O

Question 10

Ester -> Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol

Answer 10

Hydrolysis

H2O (heat OR alkali catalyst)

Question 11

Amine + Carboxylic Acid -> Ammonium Salt

Answer 11

Acid-base

Question 12

Ammonium salt -> Amide

Identify whether a 1O or 2O amide

Answer 12

• produces H2O

Thus, 2O amide

Question 13

Carboxylic acid -> Amide

Identify whether a 1O or 2O amide

Answer 13

NH3
- produces H2O
Thus, 1O amide

Question 14

Alcohol -> Aldehyde

Identify whether a 1O or 2O alcohol

Answer 14

Oxidation
H+/MnO4- OR H+/Cr2O7 -2
Thus, 1O alcohol

Question 15

State what must occur to yield aldehyde

Answer 15

Must be distilled to prevent further ox.

Question 16

Aldehyde -> Carboxylic Acid

Answer 16

Oxidation

H+/MnO4- OR H+/CrO7 2-

Question 17

Alcohol -> Ketone

Identify whether a 1O or 2O alcohol

Answer 17

Oxidation
H+/MnO4- OR H+/CrO7 2-
Thus, 2O alcohol

Question 18

State what Cr2O7 2- always oxidises to

Answer 18

Cr3+

Question 19

State what MnO4- always oxidises to

Answer 19

Mn2+

Question 20

State whether or not alkene decolorises in the presence of Br2

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

State whether or not alkane decolorises in the presence of Br2

Answer 21

No

Question 22

State the colour change of primary/secondary alcohols in the presence of Cr2O7 2-

Answer 22

Orange -> Green

Question 23

State the colour change of tertiary alcohols in the presence of Cr2O7 2-

Answer 23

Orange -> Orange

Question 24

State the colour change of primary/secondary alcohols in the presence of MnO4-

Answer 24

Purple -> Colourless

Question 25

State the colour change of tertiary alcohols in the presence of MnO4-

Answer 25

Purple -> Purple

Question 26

State whether the carboxylic acid or alcohol composing an ester gives the -yl name

Answer 26

Alcohol

Question 27

State whether the carboxylic acid or alcohol composing an ester gives the -oate name

Answer 27

Carboxylic acid

Question 28

State the functional group of a carboxylic acid

Answer 28

COOH

Question 29

State the functional group of an ester

Answer 29

COO

Question 30

State the functional group of an alcohol

Answer 30

OH

Question 31

State the functional group of an aldehyde

Answer 31

COH

Question 32

State the functional group of a amide

Answer 32

CONH2

Question 33

State the functional group of an amine

Answer 33

NH2

Question 34

State the functional group of a ketone

Answer 34

CO

Question 35

List the priority naming order of organic compounds

Answer 35

``` Carboxylic acid Ester Amide Aldehyde Ketone Alcohol Amine ```

Question 36

Compare and contrast primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols

Answer 36

Primary connected to carbon with one C-C Secondary connected to carbon with two C-C Tertiary connected to carbon with three C-C

Question 37

State the priority applied to alkynes/alkenes/alkanes/haloalkanes

Answer 37

Lowest no (no priority)

Question 38

What need to be checked for when naming alkenes?

Answer 38

Cis- and trans- isomers

Question 39

State the key part of optical isomers

Answer 39

Chiral carbon (four different functional groups)

Question 40

State the key part of geometric isomers

Answer 40

C=C which restricts rotation

Question 41

Compare and contrast chain and positional isomers

Answer 41

Chain isomers - shift in branching | Positional isomers - shift in double bond/functional group position

Question 42

What answer should be looked for when an Amine + Carboxylic Acid -> Ammonium Salt reaction occurs?

Answer 42

Product with greatest solubility