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Organic chemistry > Organic reactions > Flashcards

Organic reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkanes—->CO2+H2O

A

Name of reaction: Combustion
Reagent: O2
Conditions: Heat

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2
Q

Alkanes—->Alkenes

A

Name of reaction: Thermal cracking
Conditions:7000kPa/1200K
Name of reaction: Catalytic cracking
Conditions:720K/zeolite catalyst SiO2 and Al2O3

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3
Q

Alkanes—->Haloalkanes

A

Name of reaction: Free-radical substitution
Reagents: Cl2/Br2
Conditions:UV light

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4
Q

Haloalkane—>Alcohol

A

Name of reaction-Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent:KOH/NaOH
Conditions: Ethanolic/aq solvent/RT

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5
Q

Haloalkane—->Nitrile

A

Name of reaction- Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent:KCN
Conditions: Ethanolic/aq solvent/RT

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6
Q

Haloalkane—->Primary Amine

A

Name of reaction-Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: XS conc NH3
Conditions: Ethanolic/solvent/pressure

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7
Q

Haloalkane—>Alkene

A

Name of reaction-Elimination
Reagent: KOH/NaOH
Conditions: Heated/Ethanol (no water)

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8
Q

Alkenes—->CO2+H20

A

Name of reaction: Combustion
Reagents:O2
Conditions: Heat

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9
Q

Alkenes—->Haloalkane

A

Name of reaction: Electrophilic addition
Reagent: HBr/HCl/HI
Conditions: RT/150

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10
Q

Alkenes—–>Dihaloalkane

A

Name of reaction: Electrophillic addition
Reagent: Cl2/Br2
Conditions: RT

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11
Q

Alkenes—->Alcohols

A 
Name of reaction:Electrophilic addition
Reagent: concentrate H2SO4 and water
Conditions: RT
Name of reaction: Electrophillic addition
Reagent: conc H3PO4 catalyst and steam.
Condiitions: Heat and pressure.
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12
Q

Alkenes—->Low density polymer

A

Name of reaction: Free radical addition

Conditions: High temp/High pressure to make LDPE

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13
Q

Alkenes—->High density polymer

A

Name of reaction: Free radical addition

Conditions: Temp just over RT and slight pressure.

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14
Q

Alcohol—->CO2+H2O

A

Name of reaction: Combustion
Reagents: O2
Conditions: Heat

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15
Q

Alcohol—->Aldehyde

A

Name of reaction: Oxidation
Reagent: Potassium dichromate acidified with dil H2SO4
Condition: Distillation

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16
Q

Secondary Alcohol—->Ketone

A

Name of reaction: Oxidation
Reagent: Potassium dichromate acidified with dil H2SO4
Condition: Distillation

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17
Q

Primary Alcohol—>Carboxylic acid

A

Name of reaction: Oxidation
Reagent: Potassium dichromate acid with concentrated H2SO4 (XS REAGENT)
Condition: Heat under reflux

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18
Q

Primary Alcohol—->Alkene

A

Name of reaction: Elimination
Reagent: XS conc H2SO4
Condition: Heat

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19
Q

Primary Alcohol—->Alkene

A

Name of reaction: Elimination
Reagent:Al2O3
Condition:600K

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20
Q

Carbonyls—–>Hydroxynitrile

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A

Name of reaction: Nucleophillic addition
Reagent: KCN/HCN
Conditions: RT

21
Q

Aldehydes—->Primary alcohol

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A

Name of reaction: Reduction
Reagent: NaBH4
Conditions: Aqueous solutions

22
Q

Ketones—–>Secondary alcohol

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A

Name of reaction: Reduction
Reagent:NaBH4
Conditions: Aqueous solutions

23
Q

Acids——>Ester

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A

Name of reaction: Esterification
Reagent: Alcohol
Condition:Acid catalyst ie. H2SO4

24
Q

Acids—–>Salt

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A

Name of reaction: Neutralisation
Reagent: NaOH
Conditions:RT

25
Acids----->Salt
Name of reaction:Neutralisation Reagents:Metal Conditions: RT
26
Acids----->Salt of acid + CO2
Name of reaction: Neutralisation Reagents:Na2CO3/NaHCO3 Condition:Solid/aq RT
27
Esters------>Salt of acid +alcohol
Name of reaction: Hydrolysis Reagents:NaOH (aq) Conditions:Boil under reflux
28
Esters------->Acid+Alcohol
Name of reaction: Hydrolysis Reagent:conc H2SO4/HCl Condition: RT
29
Acid chloride----->Amide
Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-eliminaton (acylation) Reagent: conc NH3 (Violent) Condition:RT
30
Acid chloride----->Carboxylic Acid
Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination (Acylation) Reagent: H2O Conditions:RT
31
Acid chloride----->Ester
Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation) Reagent:ROH Conditions: RT
32
Acid chloride----->N-substituted amide
Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation) Reagent: RNH2 Conditions: RT
33
Acid Anhydride------>Amide
Name of reaction:Nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation) Reagent: NH3 Conditions:RT
34
Acid Anhydride----->Carboxylic acid
Name of reaction: Nucleophilic additon-elimination (Acylation) Reagent: H2O Condition: RT
35
Acid Anhydride----->Ester
Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation) Reagent:ROH Conditions: RT
36
Acid Anhydride----->N-Substituted amide
Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation) Reagent: RNH2 Conditions: RT
37
Arenes(benzene)-----> Nitrobenzene
Name of reaction-Electrophilic substitution Reagent:conc HNO3/H2SO4 Conditions:50
38
Benzene----->cyclohexane
Name of reaction: Electrophilic additions Reagent: H2 Conditions: RT
39
Benzene + CH3CO+------>CH3COC6H5
``` Name of reaction:Electrophilic substitution Reagent:CH3COCl Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst CH3COCl+AlCl3----->CH3CO+ +AlCl4- AlCl4-+H+----->AlCl3+HCl ```
40
Amine--------->Ammonium Salt
Name of reaction: acid/base reaction Reagents: dil mineral acid conditions:RT
41
Halogenalkanes-------->Primary Amines Halogenalkanes-------->Secondary Amines Halogenalkanes-------->Tertiary Amines Halogenalkanes-------->Quaternary ammonium salt
Name of reaction:Nucleophilic substitution | Reagent: Limited NH3
42
Halogenalkanes------->Mostly primary amines
Name of reaction: Nucleophilic Substituion Reagent: XS NH3 Conditions: Warm
43
Halogenalkanes------->Nitrile
Name of reaction:Nucleophilic substitution Reagent:KCN in ethanol and h2O Conditions: Heat under reflux
44
Nitrile------>Primary amine
Name of reaction: Catalytic Hydrogenation Reagent:H2 Conditions: Nickel catalyst
45
Nitrobenzene------>Phenylamine
Name of reaction: Reduction Reagent: Tn/HCl Conditions: RT
46
Amino Acid+HCL------->???
HOOC.CH2.NH3+Cl- (neutralisation)
47
Amino Acid+NaOH-------->????
NaOOC.CH2.NH2 (neutralisation)
48
Protein----->Amino Acid
Name of reaction: Hydrolysis Reagents:6M HCl Conditions: Boil 24 Hours

Organic chemistry (2 decks)

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