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Organic chemistry > Organic reactions > Flashcards

Organic reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Alkanes—->CO2+H2O

A

Name of reaction: Combustion
Reagent: O2
Conditions: Heat

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2
Q

Alkanes—->Alkenes

A

Name of reaction: Thermal cracking
Conditions:7000kPa/1200K
Name of reaction: Catalytic cracking
Conditions:720K/zeolite catalyst SiO2 and Al2O3

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3
Q

Alkanes—->Haloalkanes

A

Name of reaction: Free-radical substitution
Reagents: Cl2/Br2
Conditions:UV light

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4
Q

Haloalkane—>Alcohol

A

Name of reaction-Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent:KOH/NaOH
Conditions: Ethanolic/aq solvent/RT

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5
Q

Haloalkane—->Nitrile

A

Name of reaction- Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent:KCN
Conditions: Ethanolic/aq solvent/RT

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6
Q

Haloalkane—->Primary Amine

A

Name of reaction-Nucleophilic Substitution
Reagent: XS conc NH3
Conditions: Ethanolic/solvent/pressure

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7
Q

Haloalkane—>Alkene

A

Name of reaction-Elimination
Reagent: KOH/NaOH
Conditions: Heated/Ethanol (no water)

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8
Q

Alkenes—->CO2+H20

A

Name of reaction: Combustion
Reagents:O2
Conditions: Heat

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9
Q

Alkenes—->Haloalkane

A

Name of reaction: Electrophilic addition
Reagent: HBr/HCl/HI
Conditions: RT/150

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10
Q

Alkenes—–>Dihaloalkane

A

Name of reaction: Electrophillic addition
Reagent: Cl2/Br2
Conditions: RT

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11
Q

Alkenes—->Alcohols

A 
Name of reaction:Electrophilic addition
Reagent: concentrate H2SO4 and water
Conditions: RT
Name of reaction: Electrophillic addition
Reagent: conc H3PO4 catalyst and steam.
Condiitions: Heat and pressure.
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12
Q

Alkenes—->Low density polymer

A

Name of reaction: Free radical addition

Conditions: High temp/High pressure to make LDPE

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13
Q

Alkenes—->High density polymer

A

Name of reaction: Free radical addition

Conditions: Temp just over RT and slight pressure.

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14
Q

Alcohol—->CO2+H2O

A

Name of reaction: Combustion
Reagents: O2
Conditions: Heat

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15
Q

Alcohol—->Aldehyde

A

Name of reaction: Oxidation
Reagent: Potassium dichromate acidified with dil H2SO4
Condition: Distillation

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16
Q

Secondary Alcohol—->Ketone

A

Name of reaction: Oxidation
Reagent: Potassium dichromate acidified with dil H2SO4
Condition: Distillation

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17
Q

Primary Alcohol—>Carboxylic acid

A

Name of reaction: Oxidation
Reagent: Potassium dichromate acid with concentrated H2SO4 (XS REAGENT)
Condition: Heat under reflux

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18
Q

Primary Alcohol—->Alkene

A

Name of reaction: Elimination
Reagent: XS conc H2SO4
Condition: Heat

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19
Q

Primary Alcohol—->Alkene

A

Name of reaction: Elimination
Reagent:Al2O3
Condition:600K

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20
Q

Carbonyls—–>Hydroxynitrile

A

Name of reaction: Nucleophillic addition
Reagent: KCN/HCN
Conditions: RT

21
Q

Aldehydes—->Primary alcohol

A

Name of reaction: Reduction
Reagent: NaBH4
Conditions: Aqueous solutions

22
Q

Ketones—–>Secondary alcohol

A

Name of reaction: Reduction
Reagent:NaBH4
Conditions: Aqueous solutions

23
Q

Acids——>Ester

A

Name of reaction: Esterification
Reagent: Alcohol
Condition:Acid catalyst ie. H2SO4

24
Q

Acids—–>Salt

A

Name of reaction: Neutralisation
Reagent: NaOH
Conditions:RT

25
Q

Acids—–>Salt

A

Name of reaction:Neutralisation
Reagents:Metal
Conditions: RT

26
Q

Acids—–>Salt of acid + CO2

A

Name of reaction: Neutralisation
Reagents:Na2CO3/NaHCO3
Condition:Solid/aq RT

27
Q

Esters——>Salt of acid +alcohol

A

Name of reaction: Hydrolysis
Reagents:NaOH (aq)
Conditions:Boil under reflux

28
Q

Esters——->Acid+Alcohol

A

Name of reaction: Hydrolysis
Reagent:conc H2SO4/HCl
Condition: RT

29
Q

Acid chloride—–>Amide

A

Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-eliminaton (acylation)
Reagent: conc NH3 (Violent)
Condition:RT

30
Q

Acid chloride—–>Carboxylic Acid

A

Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination
(Acylation)
Reagent: H2O
Conditions:RT

31
Q

Acid chloride—–>Ester

A

Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation)
Reagent:ROH
Conditions: RT

32
Q

Acid chloride—–>N-substituted amide

A

Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination
(acylation)
Reagent: RNH2
Conditions: RT

33
Q

Acid Anhydride——>Amide

A

Name of reaction:Nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation)
Reagent: NH3
Conditions:RT

34
Q

Acid Anhydride—–>Carboxylic acid

A

Name of reaction: Nucleophilic additon-elimination (Acylation)
Reagent: H2O
Condition: RT

35
Q

Acid Anhydride—–>Ester

A

Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination
(acylation)
Reagent:ROH
Conditions: RT

36
Q

Acid Anhydride—–>N-Substituted amide

A

Name of reaction: Nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation)
Reagent: RNH2
Conditions: RT

37
Q

Arenes(benzene)—–> Nitrobenzene

A

Name of reaction-Electrophilic substitution
Reagent:conc HNO3/H2SO4
Conditions:50

38
Q

Benzene—–>cyclohexane

A

Name of reaction: Electrophilic additions
Reagent: H2
Conditions: RT

39
Q

Benzene + CH3CO+——>CH3COC6H5

A 
Name of reaction:Electrophilic substitution
Reagent:CH3COCl
Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst 
CH3COCl+AlCl3----->CH3CO+ +AlCl4-
AlCl4-+H+----->AlCl3+HCl
40
Q

Amine———>Ammonium Salt

A

Name of reaction: acid/base reaction
Reagents: dil mineral acid
conditions:RT

41
Q

Halogenalkanes——–>Primary Amines
Halogenalkanes——–>Secondary Amines
Halogenalkanes——–>Tertiary Amines
Halogenalkanes——–>Quaternary ammonium salt

A

Name of reaction:Nucleophilic substitution

Reagent: Limited NH3

42
Q

Halogenalkanes——->Mostly primary amines

A

Name of reaction: Nucleophilic Substituion
Reagent: XS NH3
Conditions: Warm

43
Q

Halogenalkanes——->Nitrile

A

Name of reaction:Nucleophilic substitution
Reagent:KCN in ethanol and h2O
Conditions: Heat under reflux

44
Q

Nitrile——>Primary amine

A

Name of reaction: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Reagent:H2
Conditions: Nickel catalyst

45
Q

Nitrobenzene——>Phenylamine

A

Name of reaction: Reduction
Reagent: Tn/HCl
Conditions: RT

46
Q

Amino Acid+HCL——->???

A

HOOC.CH2.NH3+Cl- (neutralisation)

47
Q

Amino Acid+NaOH——–>????

A

NaOOC.CH2.NH2 (neutralisation)

48
Q

Protein—–>Amino Acid

A

Name of reaction: Hydrolysis
Reagents:6M HCl
Conditions: Boil 24 Hours

Organic chemistry (2 decks)

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