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CHEM PAPER 2 > ORGANIC SYNTHESIS > Flashcards

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Flashcards

1
Q

3 greenhouse gases

A

Carbon dioxide
water vapour
methane

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2
Q

How to separate impurities after distillation

A

Add impure compound to a separating funnel with water to dissolve any impurities to create an aqueous solution and then separate out the aqueous layer

Drying agent can be used afterwards in a separate flask to remove water (anhydrous CaCl2)

can then filter the solid out of the flask

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3
Q

Alcohol –> aldehyde

A

Heat a primary alcohol under distillation

K2Cr2O7

H2SO4

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4
Q

Aldehyde –> carboxylic acid

A

Heat aldehyde under reflux

K2Cr2O7

H2SO4

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5
Q

Alcohol –> ketone

A

Heat secondary alcohol under reflux

K2Cr2O7

H2SO4

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6
Q

Alcohol –> alkene

A

Concentrated H2SO4 or H3PO4

Heat

Dehydration

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7
Q

alkene –> alcohol

A

Steam

H3PO4

300 degrees

60 atm

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8
Q

alcohol –> haloalkane

A

Nucleophilic substitution

Na(halide)

H2SO4

20 degrees

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9
Q

Haloalkane –> alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution

Warm NaOH

H2O

Reflux

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10
Q

alkane –> haloalkane

A

Free radical substitution

X2

UV light

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11
Q

Alkene –> haloalkane

A

electrophilic addition

H(X)

20 degrees

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12
Q

Alkene –> dihaloalkane

A

X2

20 degrees

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13
Q

Alkene –> alkane

A

H2

nickel catalyst

150 degrees

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14
Q

Type of reaction of alkanes

A

Radical substitution as unreactive and non polar

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15
Q

Types of reactions of alkenes

A

electrophilic addition as have an electron dense double bond

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16
Q

Types of reactions with alcohols

A

Nucleophilic substitution, elimination/ dehydration as have a polar O-H bond

17
Q

Types of reactions with haloalkanes

A

Nucleophilic substitution as have a polar C-X bond

18
Q

Types of reactions with Aldehydes

A

Aldehydes can be oxidised

nucleophilic addition to form hydroxy nitrile

CHEM PAPER 2 (11 decks)

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