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A-LEVEL CHEM > organic synthesis map > Flashcards

organic synthesis map Flashcards

1
Q

How do you form CO2 and water from an alkane?

A

Complete Combustion

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2
Q

How do you form an alkene from an alkane?

A

Cracking

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3
Q

What is the process and conditions to form an alkane from an alkene?

A

-Electrophilic addition
-H2 gas via hydrogenation

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4
Q

What is the name of the process and conditions to form a halogenoalkane from an alkane?

A

-Halogenation (Free radical substitution)
-X2, UV light

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5
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form an amine from a halogenoalkane.

A

-Nucleophilic substitution
-Excess ammonia and heat

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6
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form a nitrile from a halogenoalkane

A

-Nucleophilic substitution
-KCN, Ethanol , Reflux (heat)

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7
Q

Name the mechanism/process and conditions to form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane

A

-Nucleophilic substitution / hydrolysis
-Warm NaOH in reflux

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8
Q

Name the process to form an alkene from a halogenoalkane and it’s conditions

A

-Elimination
-OH-, ethanol reflux

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9
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form an alkene from a halogenoalkane

A

-Electrophilic addition
-HX or X2

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10
Q

What are the conditions to form an amine from a nitrile?

A

Nickel or hydrogen catalyst

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11
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form an alcohol from an alkene

A

-Electrophilic addition
-H2SO4, Reflux

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12
Q

Name the process and conditions to form an alkene from an alcohol

A

Dehydration

H2O, C.H2SO4, reflux

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13
Q

How is glucose formed from an alcohol?

A

Fermentation in anaerobic conditions

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14
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form alkyl hydrogen sulfates from an alkene

A

Electrophilic addition

Cold C.H2SO4

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15
Q

Name the process and conditions to form an alcohol from alkyl hydrogen sulfates

A

Hydrolysis

H2O, Warm

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16
Q

name the process and conditions to form a ketone from alcohol

A

Oxidation

Acidified K2Cr2O7 , reflux

17
Q

Name the process and conditions to form an aldehyde from an alcohol

A

Oxidation

Acidified K2Cr2O7 , reflux

18
Q

Name process and conditions to form carboxylic acid from aldehyde

A

Oxidation

Acidified K2Cr2O7 , reflux

19
Q

Name process and conditions to form an alcohol from an Aldehyde

A

Reduction

NaBH4 (aq) , methanol

20
Q

Name process and conditions to form ester from alcohol

A

Esterification

Heat

21
Q

Name the process and conditions to form a salt from an ester

A

Alkaline hydrolysis

Dilute NaOH (aq), reflux

22
Q

Name the conditions to form an acrylic chloride / acid anhydride from an ester

A

Alcohol , 20°C

23
Q

Name the process and conditions to form carboxylic acid from ester

A

Acid hydrolysis

Dilute H2SO4, H20 , Reflux

24
Q

Name the process and conditions to form an ester from a carboxylic acid

A

Esterification

Alcohol, Conc H2SO4, Heat

25
Q

What are the conditions to form carboxylic acid from acyl chloride/ acid anhydride

A

H20, 20°C

26
Q

Name conditions to form N-substituted amide from Acyl chloride

A

Amine, 20°C

27
Q

Name conditions to form primary amide from acyl chloride/acid anhydride

A

NH3
20°C

28
Q

Name process to form amino acid from protein

A

Acid hydrolysis

29
Q

Name process to form protein from amino acid

A

Condensation polymerisation

30
Q

Name process to form salt from amino acid

A

Alkaline hydrolysis

31
Q

Name conditions to form hydro unit rule from a ketone

A

KCN(aq), H2SO4, 20°C, reflux

32
Q

Name conditions to form hydroxynitrile from aldehyde

A

KCN, H2SO4, 20°C, reflux

A-LEVEL CHEM (20 decks)

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