Organisation

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

The building blocks of all living organisms.

Question 2

What are tissues?

Answer 2

Tissues are groups of similar cells that act together to perform a function.

Question 3

What is the function of muscular tissue?

Answer 3

To contract to bring about force and motion.

Question 4

What are organs?

Answer 4

Organs are groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

Question 5

What are organ systems?

Answer 5

Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to perform a particular role.

Question 6

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 6

Absorbs water from undigested food.

Question 7

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 7

Digests food and absorbs soluble food molecules.

Question 8

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 8

To digest food.

Question 9

What is the function of glandular tissue in the stomach?

Answer 9

To produce enzymes to help with digestion.

Question 10

What is the function of mesophyll?

Answer 10

To perform photosynthesis.

Question 11

What is an organism?

Answer 11

Highest level of organisation - consists of several organ systems.

Question 12

What are enzymes?

Answer 12

Biological catalysts.

Question 13

What do enzymes do?

Answer 13

Increase speed of reactions.

Question 14

What are the 2 factors that affect enzyme action?

Answer 14

pH

Temperature

Question 15

What is the role of digestive enzymes?

Answer 15

To catalyse the breakdown of insoluble food molecules into small and soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

Question 16

What are the 3 main digestive enzymes?

Answer 16

Amylase

Protease

Lipase

Question 17

What does amylase break down and where is it produced?

Answer 17

Breaks down starch into sugars

Produced in:
Small intestine
Pancreas
Salivary glands

Question 18

What does protease break down and where is it produced?

Answer 18

Breaks down protein into amino acids

Produced in:
Small intestines
Pancreas
Stomach

Question 19

What does lipase break down and where is it produced?

Answer 19

Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Produced in:
Small intestine
Pancreas

Question 20

What is bile, where is it produced and where is it stored?

Answer 20

Bile is an alkaline substance

It is produced in the liver

It is stored in the gall bladder

Question 21

What is emulsification?

Answer 21

Bile breaking down fats into tiny droplets.

Question 22

What is the test for protein?

Answer 22

Add biuret solution, will turn purple if proteins are present.

Question 23

What is the test for sugar?

Answer 23

Add Benedict’s reagent - heat. Will turn green, yellow or red if there is sugar.

Question 24

What is the test for starch?

Answer 24

Add iodine - will turn blue - black if there is starch.

Question 25

What are 3 blood vessels?

Answer 25

Capillaries

Veins

Arteries

Question 26

What are 2 features of arteries?

Answer 26

Elastic fibres - allows walls to stretch and spring back.

Thick muscle walls - able to cope with high pressure.

Question 27

Where do arteries transport blood from and what do they carry?

Answer 27

Arteries transport blood away from the heart to the organs.

They carry oxygenated blood.

Question 28

What is one feature of capillaries and why?

Answer 28

They have thin walls - this is for efficient exchange.

Waste products move out of cells into blood
Food and oxygen moves from the blood into the cells.

Question 29

Where do veins transport blood and what do they carry?

Answer 29

They transport deoxygenated blood from the organs to the heart.

Question 30

How do veins form?

Answer 30

Veins form when capillaries join up after passing through the body.

Question 31

What are 3 features of veins?

Answer 31

Thinner walls - blood is at a lower pressure

Wider cross section - low blood pressure = difficult blood flow. This counteracts that.

Valves - prevents backflow of blood.

Question 32

What is a pacemaker and where is it located?

Answer 32

A pacemaker is a group of cells that controls heartbeat.

Located in right atrium.

Question 33

Where does the blood enter the heart?

Answer 33

Blood enters the heart through the atria.

Question 34

What is the vena cava and what does it do?

Answer 34

It is a vein and its how the heart receives deoxygenated blood.

Question 34

What is the vena cava and what does it do?

Answer 34

It is a vein and its how the heart receives deoxygenated blood.