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Biology > Organisation > Flashcards

Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the order of an organism made up of ?

A

Cell —> Tissues —> Organs —> Organism

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2
Q

Whats inside the bronchiole ?

A

Alveoli

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3
Q

where does gas exchange take place in the bronchioles ?

A

Between the alveoli and capillary’s

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4
Q

What happens when we breath out ?

A

the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relaxing

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5
Q

What happens when we breath in ?

A

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles tense

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6
Q

Whats the main function of carbohydrates ?

A

Energy’s release and glucose

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7
Q

What’s the function of protein ?

A

Growth and repair

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8
Q

whats the function of lipids ?

A

Energy and growth

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9
Q

what are cell walls made up off and what’s its job ?

A

Cellulose and it’s used in humans diet when plants are eaten

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10
Q

What is glucose used for ?

A

Respiration

Used for glycogen

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11
Q

What are proteins made up of ?

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

What is starch broken down into ?

A

Glucose

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13
Q

What are lipids ?

A

They are fatty acids and glycerol

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14
Q

What breaks down lipids ?

A

Lipase

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15
Q

What breaks down proteins ?

A

Protease

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16
Q

What breaks down starch ?

A

Amylase

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17
Q

What’s the method for the test of sugars ?

A
  1. Add Benedict’s solution to a tube
  2. Heat solution and colour will change
  3. Colours present how much glucose is present
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18
Q

How to test for starch on food ?

A
  1. Add iodine to a food and if starch is present it will turn blue
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19
Q

How to test for proteins in food ?

A
  1. Add biuret solution to a solution
  2. Mix
  3. If it turns purple it means proteins present
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20
Q

What happens at the small intestine in digestion ?

A

The absorption of fatty acids and simple sugars

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21
Q

What are protists ?

A

Single called organisms

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22
Q

What two points does blood leave the heart ?

A

Aorta and pulmonary artery

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23
Q

Which side does oxygenated blood flow from the heart ?

A

Left side to the active areas

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24
Q

What side does de oxygenated blood come into the heart ?

A

Right side back to the heart

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25
Q

What part of the heart delivers de oxygenated blood ?

A

Pulmonary artery

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26
Q

What part of the heart delivers oxygenated blood ?

A

Aorta

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27
Q

What can be sued to fix the rhythm of a persons heartbeat ?

A

Pacemaker

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28
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels ?

A

Artery

Vein

Capillary

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29
Q

What do artery’s do ?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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30
Q

What do veins do ?

A

Carry blood to the heart

31
Q

What size Luke do artery’s have ?

A

Narrow lumen

32
Q

What size Lumen do veins have ?

A

Wide lumen

33
Q

How thank are the walls of capillary’s ?

A

One cell thick

34
Q

What does plasma do ?

A

Carries hormones and other stuff

35
Q

What does red blood cells do ?

A

Carrie oxygen

36
Q

What do white blood cells do ?

A

Engulf pathogens and produce antibodies

37
Q

What do platelets do ?

A

Blood clotting

38
Q

How do platelets stop bleeding ?

A

Blood clot by forming a scab

39
Q

why can blood transfusions be dangerous ?

A

Is the patients blood is not compatible it can cause disease

40
Q

What are ways of help control CHD ?

A
  • Statins which lover cholesterol produced by liver in the blood
  • Stents which restores blood flow and are made from flexible metals called alloys
41
Q

What is a risk factors of heart transplants ?

A

Infection

42
Q

What are the two types of transport systems in the plant ?

A

Xylem and phloem

43
Q

What does the xylem do ?

A

Transports water and minerals

44
Q

What does the phloem do ?

A

Transports amino acids and sugars dissolved in water

45
Q

What features of a leaf allow for gas exchange ?

A

Large Surface area for sunlight and carbon dioxide

Air spaces for diffusion of gases

46
Q

What the job of the spongy mesophyll ?

A

spongy mesophyll are covered by a thin layer of water. Gases dissolve in this water as they move into and out of the cells

47
Q

What does closing the stomata do ?

A

Prevent water loss

But not allow gas exchange

48
Q

What does opening the stomata do ?

A

Allow for gas exchange

Allow for water loss

49
Q

What is transpiration ?

A

Water loss from the stomata

50
Q

What factors affect transpiration ?

A

Temperature

Light

Humidity

51
Q

What are gaurd cells ?

A

allow things in and out of the plant

52
Q

What’s an organelle ?

A

Part of a cell

53
Q

What’s an example of an organelle ?

A

Nucleus

54
Q

What are the two main parts of developing new drugs ?

A

Pre clinical trails

Clinical trials

55
Q

What 3 things are checked for in the clinical trails and how ?

A

Safe - health volunteers are used

Dose - patients with the disease used

Side affects - placebo on double blind trail

56
Q

What’s a placebo ?

A

Fake drug

57
Q

What happens in the pre clinical trails of developing new drugs ?

A

New compounds are tested on cells then tissues then eventually animals in labs

58
Q

What are some non -communicable diseases ?

A

Cancer

Diabetes

CHD

59
Q

What factors can affect physical and mental well-being / health ?

A

Drugs

Diet

Exercise

Stress

60
Q

What are non - communicable diseases ?

A

Not transmitted by one person to another

61
Q

What’s a group of cancerous cells called ?

A

Tumour

62
Q

What’s are the 2 types of Tumour ?

A

Benign

Malignant

63
Q

What does a benign tumour mean ?

A

Does not invade other types of the body less dangerous

64
Q

What does a malignant tumour mean ?

A

It’s spreadable to other parts of the body so it’s more dangerous

65
Q

What can cause cancer ?

A

Genetic

Exposure to radiation

Diet

66
Q

How does smoking cause lung cancer ?

A

damages the lining of the arteries, including the coronary arteries

smoking damages the bronchioles and can eventually destroy many of the alveoli

67
Q

What can smoking do to mothers during pregnancy ?

A

Cause miscarriages

Cause asthma for children

68
Q

What happens to the body with type 2 diabetes ?

A

The body looses its ability to use insulin so it’s leads to an inactive lifestyle

69
Q

What’s the maximum temperature your body’s enzymes can work at ?

A

37 degrees

70
Q

What’s the part of the lock and theirs called ?

A

Active site

Substrate

71
Q

How do you test for sugar ?

A

Benedict’s in a water baths

72
Q

How do you test for protein ?

A

Buiret

73
Q

How do you test for fats ?

A

Ethanol

74
Q

How do you test for starch ?

A

Iodine

Biology (7 decks)

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