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Organisation Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

define terms tissues

A

a group of cells with a similar structure and function

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2
Q

define term organ

A

different tissues that work together to perform a particular job

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3
Q

define term organ system

A

different organs that work together in a system to perform a particular job

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4
Q

circulatory system

A

blood movement around the body

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5
Q

respiratory system

A

ventilation and movement of oxygen and CO2 throughout lungs and blood

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6
Q

digestive system

A

breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients and water

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7
Q

nervous system

A

sending and receiving signals between peripheral and central nervous system

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8
Q

endocrine system

A

hormones released and travelling around the body

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9
Q

immune system

A

body’s defence system against pathogen invaders

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10
Q

reproductive system

A

allow for genetically varying offspring to be produced

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11
Q

define multicellular

A

organisms made from many different cells

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12
Q

what are proteins broken down into

A

amino acids

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13
Q

what are lipids broken down into

A

fatty acids and glycerol

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14
Q

what is starch broken down into

A

glucose

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15
Q

what are the 8 organs found in digestive system

A

mouth, salivary gland, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine

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16
Q

function of mouth

A

chewing breaks down food

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17
Q

function of salivary gland

A

produces saliva which moistens food

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18
Q

function of oesophagus

A

muscle food pipe which pushes food along peristalsis

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19
Q

function of stomach

A

glands in stomach produce enzymes to digest protein. Other glands produce hydrochloric acid. Stomach wall churns up the food.

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20
Q

function of liver

A

makes bile which breaks down lipid so enzymes can digest them easier

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21
Q

function of pancreas

A

makes enzymes

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22
Q

function of small intestine

A

absorbs products of digestion are absorbed into blood stream.

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23
Q

function of large intestine

A

absorbs water into blood stream

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24
Q

what is chemical digestion

A

breaking down of food using enzymes

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25
what is mechanical digestion
breaking down of food physically for example by chewing it,
26
3 tissues in the stomach
epithelial, muscular and connective
27
where is bile found and what is the function
found in gall bladder, and it breaks down lipids into small droplets so that enzymes can digest them easier
28
what is an enzyme
a protein which helps speed up all the chemical reactions in the body
29
list 3 enzymes
protease, carbohydrase (amylase) and lipase
30
what is the active site
part of enzyme that a substance binds to
31
what does it mean by an enzyme being denatured
when the temperature is too high the enzyme's active site can change shape meaning that the substrate will no longer fit
32
what chemical is used to test for starch
iodine solution
33
what colour does the iodine solution turn if there is starch present
it goes from orange to black/blue
34
what chemical is used to test for sugars
benedict's solution
35
what colour does the benedict's solution turn if there are sugars present
if there is a lot of sugar- brick red if there is a little amount- green/yellow/orange
36
what chemical is used to test for lipids
ethanol
37
what happens to ethanol if there are lipids present
becomes cloudy/milky
38
what chemical is used to test for protein
biuret's solution
39
what colour does the biuret's solution turn if there is protein present
lilac/purple
40
what elements do carbohydrates contain
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
41
what are the two types of carbohydrates
starch and glucose
42
what is starch
a polymer of glucose
43
what are lipids made up of
the head is a glycerol molecule and the tails are chains of fatty acid molecules
44
what are proteins
polymers made out of thousands of small molecules called amino acids
45
state 4 substances dissolved in blood's plasma
hormones, urea, carbon dioxide and products of digestion
46
function of red blood cell
carry out oxygen around the body
47
function of white blood cell
defend body against pathogen invaders
48
function of platelets
cause blood to clot when exposed to air
49
3 types of blood vessels
arteries, veins and capillaries
50
function of veins
carry blood to the heart
51
function of arteries
carry away blood from heart
52
function of capillaries
helps diffusion of substances
53
describe structure of veins
large lumen thin layer of muscles and elastic fibres low pressure thin outer wall has valves
54
describe structure of arteries
small lumen thick layer of muscles and elastic fibres thick outer wall high pressure
55
what blood do veins carry
deoxygenated
56
what blood do arteries carry
oxygenated
57
structure of capillaries
very small lumen made of single layer of cell smallest blood cell
58
why is the heart a double pump system
left side pumps oxygenated blood to body right side pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
59
4 chambers of heart
left and right atria left and right ventricles
60
purpose of valves
prevent backflow of blood
61
how does blood get from the lungs to rest of the body
blood leaves lungs through pulmonary veins and enters heart, blood passes through left atria and ventricle leaving heart via aorta to rest of the body
62
how does blood get from body to the lungs
blood returns from body to heart through the vena cave blood passes through right ventricle leaving heart via pulmonary artery to lungs
63
where is pacemaker located
right atrium
64
function of heart
to pump blood around the body, to supply cells with oxygen and glucose and get rid of waste products such as co2
65
function of aorta
artery which carries oxygenated blood from heart to body
66
function of vena cave
vein which carries deoxygenated blood from body back to heart
67
function of pulmonary artery
carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
68
function of pulmonary vein
carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
69
function of pacemaker
send electrical impulse to initiate heartbeat
70
what is cardiovascular disease
diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels
71
two examples of cvd
coronary heart disease faulty valves
72
non-communicable
disease cannot be spread not caused by a pathogens
73
how is heart failure treated
heart transplant
74
what do coronary arteries provide the heart with
its own blood supply, usually oxygenated blood
75
what does the heart muscle require and why
oxygen and glucose from blood in order to respire and transfer energy so the muscle can contract
76
what type of disease is coronary heart disease
cvd
77
when does CHD occur and what happens
when the coronary arteries are blocked by layers of built-up fatty material which causes the lumen of the arteries to become narrowed
78
what happens when the lumen of the arteries are narrowed
restricts blood from to the heart less blood flowing to the heart means that there will be less oxygen and glucose being supplied meaning that it will limit respiration and the transfer of energy within the muscle cells
79
what can the supply of blood to heart being blocked cause
heart attack
80
what are the most common symptoms and how are they caused
chest pain and breathlessness caused by heart not receiving enough blood, meaning that it won't contract as effectively
81
what causes pressure in the heart to build up
blood from lungs to being pumped out of the heart quick enough
82
risk of developing atherosclerosis is increased if you:
smoke have high cholesterol have high blood pressure do not exercise regularly obesity having family history of CHD
83
what are stents, mention the side effects
mesh tubes inserted inside of arteries to keep them open this increases blood flow and supply of oxygen and glucose for respiration this allows for the heart to contract efficiently quick recovery, long time effectiveness risk of infection
84
what are statins, mention the side effects
drugs to reduce bad cholesterol and slows down the rate of fatty deposits forming increase level of good cholesterol drugs need to be taken regularly negative side effects such as head aches and kidney + liver failure
85

Biology (7 decks)

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