ORGANISATION

Question 1

What are the basic building blocks of all living organisms?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Define a tissue.

Answer 2

A group of cells with a similar structure and function.

Question 3

What are organs?

Answer 3

Aggregations of tissues performing specific functions.

Question 4

How are organs organized in living organisms?

Answer 4

Into organ systems, which work together to form organisms.

Question 5

What is the digestive system an example of?

Answer 5

An organ system where several organs work together to digest and absorb food.

Question 6

How do enzymes relate to metabolism?

Answer 6

Students should be able to relate knowledge of enzymes to metabolism.

Question 7

What is the shape of enzyme molecules related to?

Answer 7

Their activity to temperature and pH changes.

Question 8

What theory explains enzyme action?

Answer 8

The ‘lock and key theory’.

Question 9

Name the three types of digestive enzymes.

Answer 9

• Amylase
• Proteases
• Lipases

Question 10

What do carbohydrases break down?

Answer 10

Carbohydrates to simple sugars.

Question 11

What does amylase specifically break down?

Answer 11

Starch.

Question 12

What do proteases break down?

Answer 12

Proteins to amino acids.

Question 13

What do lipases break down?

Answer 13

Lipids (fats) to glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 14

What is bile made in and stored in?

Answer 14

Made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

Question 15

What is the function of bile?

Answer 15

To neutralize hydrochloric acid and emulsify fat.

Question 16

What does the heart do in the circulatory system?

Answer 16

Pumps blood around the body.

Question 17

What are the main blood vessels associated with the heart?

Answer 17

• Aorta
• Vena cava
• Pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary vein
• Coronary arteries

Question 18

What is the natural resting heart rate controlled by?

Answer 18

A group of cells located in the right atrium acting as a pacemaker.

Question 19

What are the three different types of blood vessels?

Answer 19

• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries

Question 20

What is blood composed of?

Answer 20

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 21

What is coronary heart disease characterized by?

Answer 21

Layers of fatty material building up inside the coronary arteries.

Question 22

What are stents used for?

Answer 22

To keep the coronary arteries open.

Question 23

What can faulty heart valves lead to?

Answer 23

Preventing the valve from opening fully or leaking.

Question 24

What is health defined as?

Answer 24

The state of physical and mental well-being.

Question 25

What are the two main types of diseases?

Answer 25

* Communicable diseases * Non-communicable diseases

Question 26

What can defects in the immune system lead to?

Answer 26

Increased likelihood of suffering from infectious diseases.

Question 27

What are benign tumours?

Answer 27

Growths of abnormal cells contained in one area.

Question 28

How do malignant tumour cells behave?

Answer 28

They invade neighboring tissues and spread to different parts of the body.

Question 29

What are some lifestyle risk factors for cancer?

Answer 29

* Diet * Smoking * Alcohol

Question 30

What are the types of plant tissues?

Answer 30

* Epidermal tissues * Palisade mesophyll * Spongy mesophyll * Xylem and phloem * Meristem tissue

Question 31

What is the role of root hair cells?

Answer 31

To absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Question 32

What factors affect the rate of transpiration?

Answer 32

* Temperature * Humidity * Air movement * Light intensity