organisation Flashcards
(47 cards)
Describe cells
basic building blocks of all living organisms.
Describe tissues
group of similar cells working together
Describe organ
a group of different tissues working together
Describe organ system
a group of different organs working together
Describe the digestive system
an organ system, several organs work together to digest and absorb nutrients
Describe enzymes
specialised proteins used in the digestive system. Enzymes are biological catalysts
How are enzyme functions described
Lock and key model
The ______ binds to the _______ on the enzyme
a. substrate
b. active site
When does an enzyme denature
when the active site changes shape and the substrate can no longer bind to the enzyme
What causes an enzyme to denature
high temperatures and the wrong pH
Describe carbohydrase enzymes
break down carbohydrates into simple sugars
Describe amylase
a type of carbohydrase which breaks down starch into sugars
Describe lipase enzymes
break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Describe protease enzymes
break down protein into amino acids
Where is bile stored and made
made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
What does bile do
neutralises the substances from the stomach and helps to emulsify fats
Describe iodine tests
for starch – pale yellow to blue/black
Describe benedicts tests
for sugar – blue to brick red
Describe biuret reagent tests
for protein – blue to purple
Describe ethanol tests
for fats – clear to cloudy
Describe the circulatory system
made of arteries, veins, capillaries and the heart
How are arteries specialised
thick elastic walls and a small lumen
Describe capillary walls
only one cell thick, so there is a short distance for diffusion
Describe veins
have valves, thinner and less elastic walls and a larger lumen
