Organisation

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A group of cells with a similar structure and function

Question 2

What is an organ?

Answer 2

a group of tissues working together to perform a function

Question 3

What are organs grouped together into?

Answer 3

Organ systems

Question 4

What three main nutrients does food contain?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates , proteins and lipids

Question 5

Describe the start of the digestive system

Answer 5

1. Food is chewed in the mouth and digested by enzymes in the saliva

Question 6

What is the role of the stomach in digestion

Answer 6

1. Food is passed to the stomach through the oesophagus.
2. In the stomach enzymes digest protein.
3. The stomach contains hydrochloric acid
4. The stomach churns the food which turns it into fluid, which increases the surface area for enzymes

Question 7

What happens when the food fluid is released into the small intestine

Answer 7

Chemicals are released by the pancreas and the liver

Question 8

What does the pancreas release into the small intestine?

Answer 8

enzymes which break down carbohydrates, proteins and start the breakdown of lipids

Question 9

What does the liver release into the small intestine?

Answer 9

Bile, which speeds up digestion of lipids and neutralises the acids

Question 10

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 10

The wall release enzymes and food is absorbed into the blood stream

Question 11

What happens in the large intestine?

Answer 11

Water is absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 12

what are enzymes?

Answer 12

large protein molecules that catalyse reactions

Question 13

what is the active site?

Answer 13

The groove on the enzyme that the substrate attaches to

Question 14

The substrate is [blank] to the active site

Answer 14

complimentary

Question 15

True or false, enzymes can break down any substrate

Answer 15

False, enzymes are specific

Question 16

What breaks down:
carbohydrates?
proteins?
Lipids?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates: Carbohydrase (for starch it’s amylase)
Proteins : protease
Lipids : lipase

Question 17

What are proteins made of

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

What are carbohydrates (starch) Made of

Answer 18

Long chains of glucose molecules

Question 19

What is produced when carbohydrates are digested

Answer 19

Simple sugars

Question 21

Where is amalayse found

Answer 21

The saliva or pancreatic fluid

Question 22

Where can you find lipase

Answer 22

Pancreatic fluid and small intestine

Question 23

Where is bile made and stored

Answer 23

Made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder

Question 24

What is the lock and key theory?

Answer 24

The substrate fits perfectly in the active site of the enzyme

Question 25

What happens to enzyme activity when you increase the temperature?

Answer 25

Enzyme activity increases up to a point, then it stops

Question 26

Why does the increase in activity fall when temperature is too high

Answer 26

The enzymes denature

Question 27

Why does enzyme activity increase when temperature increases?

Answer 27

Because the enzymes travel faster and collide more

Question 28

What does bile emulsifying lipids do?

Answer 28

Increases surface area, which increases the rate of lipid digestion

Question 29

What is it called when the temperature is enough so that enzymes work fastest

Answer 29

Optimum temperature

Question 30

What is the pH for enzymes

Answer 30

Each enzyme has a specific optimum pH