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Biology paper 1 > organisation and the digestive system > Flashcards

organisation and the digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues

A

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

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2
Q

organs

A

A group of different tissues to work together to preform a particular function

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3
Q

In the digestive system what does the glands do?

A

produce digestive juices

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4
Q

In the digestive system what does the stomach and small intestine do?

A

digest food

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5
Q

In the digestive system what does the livver do

A

produces bile

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6
Q

what does the small intestine do?

A

absorbs soluble food molecules

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7
Q

what does the large intestine do?

A

absorbs water from undigested food leaving feces

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8
Q

Why is increasing the temperature for enzymes to work faster not advisable?

A
  • Can damage cells
  • Takes a lot of energy
  • speeds up non- useful reactions
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9
Q

What is an catalyst?

A

A substance that increases the rate of reaction without being changed or used up in the process

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10
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

a biological catalysts that are made by living organisms
- large protein

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11
Q

active site

A

complementary to the substrate

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12
Q

lock and key model

A

Substrate had to fit perfectly into the active site

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13
Q

Induced fit model

A

Enzyme changes shape slightly as it binds to the substrate

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14
Q

What can effect the functioning of enzymes

A
  • temperature
  • pH
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15
Q

Temperature affects to rate of reaction

A
  • At the start as the temp increases so does the
    rate of reaction as all the particles will have
    more kinetic energy, so more likely to collide
    and enough energy to react.
  • After 37 degrees, the rate starts to drop rapidly
    due to the enzyme becoming denatured
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16
Q

temperature affecting the function of enzyme

A
  • High temperature starts to break the bonds
    holding the enzyme together.
  • active site starts to change shape
  • Active site then changes so much it can no
    longer bind onto the substrate leaving it
    denatured
17
Q

pH affects on enzymes

A
  • Some of the bonds holing the enzyme starts to break
  • the active site will then start to change shape meaning it will slow the rate of reactions
18
Q

Carbohydrates uses

A
  • Energy source
    e.g. chemical reactions and movement
19
Q

Lipids/fat uses

A
  • A long term energy source
  • insulate
  • protect organs
20
Q

Protein uses

A
  • Grow
  • Repair tissues
  • can be used for energy
21
Q

biological molecules

A

Molecules found in living organisms and are produced by cells

22
Q

Neutrients

A

Substances need for growth, repair and substances

23
Q

What enzyme breaks down carbs?

A

Amylase

24
Q

Where are amylase produced?

A
  • salivary glands
  • pancreas
  • small intestine
25
Q

What enzyme breaks down proteins?

A

Protease

26
Q

Where are protease produced?

A
  • stomach (pepsin)
  • pancreas
  • small intestine
27
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids

A

Lipases

28
Q

Where can you find lipases?

A
  • pancreas
  • small intestine
29
Q

where is bile produced, stored and released?

A

produced in liver then stored in gall bladder then released into small intestine

30
Q

What makes the stomach pH too acidic for enzymes in small intestine to work properly?

A

Hydrochloric acid

31
Q

Bile functions

A
  • neutralizes acids
  • emulsifies fats = break fat into tiny
    droplets giving a bigger surface area of
    fat for lipase to work on = digestion
    faster
32
Q

Role of salivary glands

A

saliva contains amylase and make food more liquidly to make it digest easily

33
Q

Role of stomach

A
  • contracts muscular walls to push food
    around and mix it
  • produces pepsin (protease)
  • produces hydrochloric acid kills
    bacteria
34
Q

Role of small intestine

A
  • digested food absorbed into blood
    stream
35
Q

Role of pancreas

A
  • produces lots of digestive enzymes in the form pancreatic juices to the small intestine
36
Q

2 main roles of digestive system

A
  • digest - break down large food
    molecules into smaller ones
  • absorb - absorb these small molecule
    into body
37
Q

adaptation of villi

A
  • increases surface area = food can be
    absorbed into bloodstream quicker
  • single layer of surface cells = short
    distance of diffusion
  • very good blood supply = maintains
    concentration gradient

Biology paper 1 (7 decks)

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