organisation and the digestive system

Question 1

Tissues

Answer 1

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 2

organs

Answer 2

A group of different tissues to work together to preform a particular function

Question 3

In the digestive system what does the glands do?

Answer 3

produce digestive juices

Question 4

In the digestive system what does the stomach and small intestine do?

Answer 4

digest food

Question 5

In the digestive system what does the livver do

Answer 5

produces bile

Question 6

what does the small intestine do?

Answer 6

absorbs soluble food molecules

Question 7

what does the large intestine do?

Answer 7

absorbs water from undigested food leaving feces

Question 8

Why is increasing the temperature for enzymes to work faster not advisable?

Answer 8

• Can damage cells
• Takes a lot of energy
• speeds up non- useful reactions

Question 9

What is an catalyst?

Answer 9

A substance that increases the rate of reaction without being changed or used up in the process

Question 10

What is an enzyme?

Answer 10

a biological catalysts that are made by living organisms
- large protein

Question 11

active site

Answer 11

complementary to the substrate

Question 12

lock and key model

Answer 12

Substrate had to fit perfectly into the active site

Question 13

Induced fit model

Answer 13

Enzyme changes shape slightly as it binds to the substrate

Question 14

What can effect the functioning of enzymes

Answer 14

• temperature
• pH

Question 15

Temperature affects to rate of reaction

Answer 15

• At the start as the temp increases so does the
  rate of reaction as all the particles will have
  more kinetic energy, so more likely to collide
  and enough energy to react.
• After 37 degrees, the rate starts to drop rapidly
  due to the enzyme becoming denatured

Question 16

temperature affecting the function of enzyme

Answer 16

• High temperature starts to break the bonds
  holding the enzyme together.
• active site starts to change shape
• Active site then changes so much it can no
  longer bind onto the substrate leaving it
  denatured

Question 17

pH affects on enzymes

Answer 17

• Some of the bonds holing the enzyme starts to break
• the active site will then start to change shape meaning it will slow the rate of reactions

Question 18

Carbohydrates uses

Answer 18

• Energy source
  e.g. chemical reactions and movement

Question 19

Lipids/fat uses

Answer 19

• A long term energy source
• insulate
• protect organs

Question 20

Protein uses

Answer 20

• Grow
• Repair tissues
• can be used for energy

Question 21

biological molecules

Answer 21

Molecules found in living organisms and are produced by cells

Question 22

Neutrients

Answer 22

Substances need for growth, repair and substances

Question 23

What enzyme breaks down carbs?

Answer 23

Amylase

Question 24

Where are amylase produced?

Answer 24

• salivary glands
• pancreas
• small intestine

Question 25

What enzyme breaks down proteins?

Answer 25

Protease

Question 26

Where are protease produced?

Answer 26

- stomach (pepsin) - pancreas - small intestine

Question 27

What enzyme breaks down lipids

Answer 27

Lipases

Question 28

Where can you find lipases?

Answer 28

- pancreas - small intestine

Question 29

where is bile produced, stored and released?

Answer 29

produced in liver then stored in gall bladder then released into small intestine

Question 30

What makes the stomach pH too acidic for enzymes in small intestine to work properly?

Answer 30

Hydrochloric acid

Question 31

Bile functions

Answer 31

- neutralizes acids - emulsifies fats = break fat into tiny droplets giving a bigger surface area of fat for lipase to work on = digestion faster

Question 32

Role of salivary glands

Answer 32

saliva contains amylase and make food more liquidly to make it digest easily

Question 33

Role of stomach

Answer 33

- contracts muscular walls to push food around and mix it - produces pepsin (protease) - produces hydrochloric acid kills bacteria

Question 34

Role of small intestine

Answer 34

- digested food absorbed into blood stream

Question 35

Role of pancreas

Answer 35

- produces lots of digestive enzymes in the form pancreatic juices to the small intestine

Question 36

2 main roles of digestive system

Answer 36

- digest - break down large food molecules into smaller ones - absorb - absorb these small molecule into body

Question 37

adaptation of villi

Answer 37

- increases surface area = food can be absorbed into bloodstream quicker - single layer of surface cells = short distance of diffusion - very good blood supply = maintains concentration gradient