organisational structures

Question 1

hierarchical structure

Answer 1

many layers of management- long chain of command
managers will have a narrow span of control; and a relatively small number of subordinates

Question 2

flat structure

Answer 2

only a a few layers of management
manages have wide span of control w more subordinates
short chain of command
used by smaller business or those adopting a more modern approach to management

Question 3

span of control

Answer 3

the number of staff that a manager has responsibility for

Question 4

chain of command

Answer 4

the route by which instructions and communications flow from the top to the bottom of a business, explaining who is answerable to whom

Question 5

delayering

Answer 5

process where business removes layers of its management to make its structure more flat

Question 6

delegation

Answer 6

process where tasks are given to teh members of staff where often managers give tasks to employees further down chain of command

Question 7

subordinates

Answer 7

members of staff below a manager in the chain of command

Question 8

what are the two main forms of management

Answer 8

centralised and decentralised

Question 9

centralised management structure

Answer 9

where business decisions are made at the top of the business or in a head office and distributed down the chain of command
often used in retail chains
managers have very little input
often can be slow to respond to changes inn business environment or local changes near their branches

Question 10

advantages of centralised management

Answer 10

consistency across the business
the business has a clear direction
operations and decisions are closely controlled and managed
the chain of command and accountability are clear

Question 11

disadvantages of centralised management

Answer 11

demotivate employees
standardised approach may not work in all business locations
may lower productivity

Question 12

what is decentralised management structyre

Answer 12

where a business allows decisions to be made by managers and subordinated further down the chain of command

often can respond quick to changes in business environment and local area

Question 13

advantage of decentralised

Answer 13

increased employee motivation
allowing managers lower down the chain to make decisions to suit their local area and customers
more responsibility for employees

Question 14

disadvantage of decentralised management structure

Answer 14

consistency isn’t achieved across the business
managers can make ineffective decisions
this then may negatively impact sales and overall business performance

Question 15

insufficient commmunication

Answer 15

negatively impact efficiency and motivation
as employees may not understand what is required of them or what is happening across the business as a whole
may have a negative impact on overall business performance
decrease productivity of employees

Question 16

excessive communications

Answer 16

too much comms
cause employees to become confused or feel stressed or overloaded
impacts efficiency and motivation

Question 17

barriers to comms examples

Answer 17

poor explanations
poor spelling/grammar
incorrect language
technology issues
poor structuring of information
use of jargon, technical language or slang

Question 18

advantage of flexible hours

Answer 18

higher staff retention
better productivity
employee flexibility also in their personal lives

Question 19

zero hour contract

Answer 19

employee has no specified number of hours per week
given work when business requires them
may lead to uncertainty
no regular income?
but flexibility

Question 20

permanent contracts

Answer 20

one that has no fixed end date
employee may stay within the business until they decide to leave or the job role no longer exists

Question 21

temporary contracts

Answer 21

specific end date, only employed for a certain period of time
v common in retail industry

Question 22

freelance contract

Answer 22

usually one where a self- employed individual is engaged to carry out a SPECIFIC piece of work over a define period of time
can be very short

Question 23

increased efficiency from tech

Answer 23

produce items more quickly+ more accurate with less resources
increased efficiency of communication, reduce risk of barriers to comms

Question 24

remote working as a result of tech

Answer 24

not all roles can take advantage of remote working
more flexibility
may not have to travel as far
less likely to take time off

however may not work as hard
may not be able to seek help easily when needed

Question 25

job role hierarchy

Answer 25

directs senior managers supervisors and team leaders operational staff support staff

Question 26

recruitment documentation

Answer 26

person specification CV job description application form

Question 27

person specification

Answer 27

provides info about type of person business wants to hire split into essential and desirabe

Question 28

job description

Answer 28

produced by business that wants to fill a vacancy lists all duties required in role

Question 29

application form

Answer 29

completed by potential employee when applying series of questions so business can learn more about them

Question 30

Curriculum vitae

Answer 30

personal document includes info about skills experience, qualifications and hobbies match requirements of person specification? some roles may require a CV with no application form to encourage more peope to apply

Question 31

internal recruitment

Answer 31

filling a job vacancy with an existing member of staff

Question 32

external recruitment

Answer 32

filling a job vacancy with a person from outside of the organisation

Question 33

aptitude

Answer 33

test designed to determine a persons ability in a particular skill or field of knowledge

Question 34

internal recruitment carried out how

Answer 34

through internal job adverts published via internal emails etc

Question 35

advantages of internal recruitment

Answer 35

quick process already known to business may have experience in the role cheaper to recruit and advertise roles internally

Question 36

disadvantages of internal recruitment include

Answer 36

small pool of applicants may not be experienced lack of fresh ideas

Question 37

how does external recruitment work

Answer 37

through external job alerts published via external emails, job websites etc

Question 38

advantages of external recruitment

Answer 38

may bring new ideas to business fresh enthusiasm and skills larger pool of potential applicants

Question 39

disadvantages of external recruitment

Answer 39

may take new employee time to settle into business expensive to recruit new employee not previously known to business take more time than internal

Question 40

positive to training and development

Answer 40

more likely to perform well also more likely to be happy in workplace as they see th business is investing in them to reach their full potental

Question 41

formal training

Answer 41

official structured training “off the job”- take time away forom day to day training course outside business?

Question 42

informal training

Answer 42

less structured training “on the job” directly by colleagues or observing colleagues

Question 43

self learning

Answer 43

reading watching videos researching or watching fellow employees seen as proactive, save business money

Question 44

ongoin training

Answer 44

continuous through employees time working for a business developmental training each week eg

Question 45

target setting +performance reviews

Answer 45

setting goals or objectives for employees to help them reach the next level in their employment or get better at their current role ensures employees know how they are performing and how they could improve in future

Question 46

appraisals

Answer 46

formal meeting between employee ad manager to discuss the employees performance in their job role and set targets

Question 47

two main reasons businesses train and develop employees

Answer 47

motivation and retention

Question 48

retention

Answer 48

keeping employees working for a business keeping skills and experience rather than losing to other businesses represented as a percentage of depends on training commitment

Question 49

retraining to use new tech

Answer 49

constantly changing important for business to ensure employees are more efficient and skilled in their roles training employees to use new tech may also make them feel more valued improve motivation AND RETENTION business performance likely to improve

Question 50

motivation again

Answer 50

refers to how driven and happy an employee is in their role more likely to do a good job and work hard important for attracting employees, retaining and general levels off productivity

Question 51

attracting employees

Answer 51

if potential employee can see that a workplace has high levels of motivation they are more likely to wanna work there motivated staff also more likely to recommend their workplace to potential applicants

Question 52

retaining employees

Answer 52

require less monitoring and training than new people skills and experience are kept within the business avoids wasting time and money hiring new employees to replace those who left likely to feel valued by a business that invests in their training and development. much more likely to stay

Question 53

productivity

Answer 53

how much work is completed by employees measured in the number of products produced or the amount of work completed in a certain period of time business will aim to have the highest possible level of productivity leads to more revenue potentially more profit more motivated employees are likely to increase business productivity levvels

Question 54

financial methods of motivation

Question 55

remuneration

Answer 55

money employees are paid in return for working in a business different businesses are awarded with different levels many employees motivated by remuneration+py rises many businesses offer regular yearly increases in remuneration to increase motivation

Question 56

bonuses

Answer 56

additional remuneration could be because they made a certain number of of sales or created a certain amount of revenue for the business good way to raise levels of motivation

Question 57

commission

Answer 57

similar to bonus paid on top of normal wage or salary as a percentage of sale or specified amount of money per sale

Question 58

promotions

Answer 58

provides with higher ranking job+more responsibility higher wage and more financial benefits feel more valued improve motivation

Question 59

fringe benefits

Answer 59

additional employment perks awarded to employees eg free gym membership, comp car save employees money rather than give them additional

Question 60

non financial methods f motivation

Answer 60

job rotation job enrichment autonomy

Question 61

job rotation

Answer 61

large amount of variety in their day to day role avid getting bored employee has diff job roles different duties in job role

Question 62

job enrichment

Answer 62

enhance employees roles by giving wider range of tasks more responsibility make more decisions more say in how they complete their role + increased motivation lower absence increased productivity higher staff retention however work at same level in chain of command

Question 63

autonomy

Answer 63

degree to which employees are able to make decisions about their day to day roles ability to make more decisions about their role less autonomy means employee has limited decision making responsibility high level of autonomy significant motivator for emplyees make them feel valued and trusted by employee