ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Q1 Flashcards by MIKKO KYLE MABUNGA

– It involves achieving an appropriate size for effective enterprise
performance.(organizing methods)

rightsizing

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These are favorable external factors that could give an organization a
competitive advantage. For instance, if a country cuts tariffs, a car manufacturer can export its
cars into a new market, which will lead to increased sales and a larger market share.(business environment of the firm)

opportunities

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required skills of a manager

human skills
conceptual skills
technical skills

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have few departments, centralized authority with a wide span
of control, and with few formal rules and regulations.(Forms of Business Organizations)

simple business organization

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indicates filling in the different job positions in the organization’s structure; the factors
that influence this function include the size of the organization, types of jobs, the number of
individuals to be recruited, and some internal or external pressures.

staffing

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Agriculture becomes more mechanized and more output is
traded. Savings and investment grow although they are still a small percentage of national
income or Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Some external funding is required - for example in
the form of overseas aid or perhaps remittance incomes from migrant workers living
overseas.(phases of economic development)

pre-conditions for take-off

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This force analyzes how buyers can easily influence price decreases. This is
driven by the number of buyers in the market, the importance of each buyer to the
organization, and cost to the buyer of switching from one supplier to another. For instance, a
few powerful buyers of a business are often able to dictate terms.(posters 5 forces)

buyer power

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These are commonly used in situations where adjustments
resulting from change must be made.(controlling approach)

facilitation and support

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refer to national or local laws, international laws, and rules and
regulations that influence organizational management.(environmental factors)

politico-legal

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This force analyzes how suppliers can easily influence price increases. This is
driven by the following factors: number of suppliers of each essential input; uniqueness of
their product or service; relative size and strength of the supplier; and cost of switching from
one supplier to another.(posters 5 forces)

supplier power

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These are often the quickest and most inexpensive
solution when there is resistance.(controlling approach)

manipulation and co-optation

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It is a planning tool used to diagram activities in
sequence from start to finish.(planning tool)

activity network diagram(AND)

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are those who work for an employer in exchange for salaries/wages or non-
monetary benefits.(business environment focus)

employees

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This force examines the intensity of competition in the market place. This
is driven by the number and capability of competitors in the market. Rivalry competition is
high when there are few businesses equally selling a product or service, when the industry is
growing, and when consumers can easily switch to a competitor’s product for a cheaper cost.
When rivalry among competitors is high, advertising and price wars can ensue, which can pose
a negative impact on the business in the long run.(posters 5 forces)

competitive rivalry

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Adapting to environmental uncertainties must start with developing a competitive mindset.
Ignorance of present-day realities may cause individuals or organizations to do certain things that
they may regret in the future; hence, environmental scanning is necessary. By seeking and sorting
through data about the environment, you may be able to understand and predict the various
changes, opportunities, and threats that may affect organizations in the future.

environmental scanning

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Output levels grow, enabling increased consumer expenditure.
There is a shift towards tertiary sector activity and the growth is sustained by the expansion
of a middle class of consumers.(phases of economic development)

age of mass consumption

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is a business organization whose design eliminates
vertical, horizontal, or external boundaries, and is described to be flexible and unstructured;
there are non-barriers to information flow and therefore, completion of work is fast.(types of business organization)

boundaryless business organization

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These factors determine the impact of technological innovation and
development on a particular market or industry. These include changes in digital or mobile
technology, automation, research, and development. Moreover, these also include
technological influence on methods of distribution, manufacturing, and logistics.(PESTEL)

technological

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– This is an integrative approach to management that
supports the realization of customer satisfaction using various tools and techniques that
result in high-quality goods and services.(organizing methods)

total quality management(TQM)

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such as gender, age, education level, income, the number of family
members, geographic origin, etc. may also influence some managerial decisions in
organizations. For(environmental factors)

demographic

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These factors determine the impact of government and government policy on a
particular organization or a specific industry. It includes trade, fiscal, and taxation policies,
among others.(PESTEL)

political

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are those that group together those with similar or
related specialized duties that introduce the concept of delegation of authority to functional
managers like the personnel manager, sales manager, or financial manager but allow CEOs
to retain authority for strategic decisions.(Forms of Business Organizations)

functional business organizations

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involve the use of varied types of electronic
gadgets and advanced technology such as computers, robotics, microprocessors, and others
that have revolutionized business management; e-commerce, teleconferencing, and
sophisticated information systems have rapidly changed the ways that business is
conducted in the 21st century.(environmental factors)

technological

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are the general or strategic managers who focus on long-term
organizational concerns and emphasize the organization’s stability, development, progress, and
overall efficiency and effectiveness. They, too, are concerned with the organization’s
interrelationships with their external environment.

top-level managers

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These factors determine the impact of the social environment and emerging trends to the business profitability of an organization. These also help marketers to further understand the changing preferences of the customers. These include changing family demographics, education levels, cultural trends, attitude changes, and changes in lifestyles, among others.(PESTEL)

social

related to the increasing number of global competitors and markets, as well as the nature and conditions of the changing natural environment. Products produced by companies, of course, must cater to the changing needs of people in the global community, while, at the same time, considering their impact on the natural environment.(environmental factors)

world and ecological

provide the company with the financial support it needs. The company, of course, cannot exist without them; thus, they greatly influence organizational management. Top-level, middle-level, and lower-level managerial decisions are all influenced, in one way or another, by the investors or owners of organizations.(business environment focus)

investors or owners

are special-interest groups that try to influence the organization’s decisions or actions. For instance, pressure from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on some department and drug stores led them to stop selling beauty products containing lead and to stop ordering or importing such products from their suppliers.(business environment focus)

pressure groups

are those who ensure the organization’s continuous flow of needed and reasonably priced inputs or materials required for producing their goods and rendering their services. Inputs mentioned also include financial and labor supply.(business environment focus)

suppliers

– This involves an enterprise unit tasked to focus on an interactive relationship with customers.(organizing methods)

customers relations management(CRM)

demands assigning tasks, setting aside funds, and bringing harmonious relations among the individuals and workgroups/teams in the organization.

organizing

entails influencing or motivating subordinates to do their best so that they would be able to help the organization’s endeavor to attain their set goals.

leading

include factors/elements such as inflation, rates of interest, changing options in stock markets, and people’s spending habits.(environmental factors)

economic

involves determining the organization’s goals or performance objectives, defining strategic actions that must be done to accomplish them, and developing coordination and integration activities.

planning

involves evaluating and, if necessary, correcting the performance of the individuals or workgroups/teams to ensure that they are all working toward the previously set goals and plans of the organization.

controlling

This force determines how easy or difficult it is to enter a particular industry. If an industry is profitable and there are few barriers to enter, rivalry soon intensifies. When more organizations compete for the same market share, profits start to fall. Existing organizations need to create high barriers to enter to deter new entrants.(posters 5 forces)

threat of new entrants

These factors determine the importance of understanding legal laws and procedures on a given territory where a business operates. These include employment legislation, consumer law, health, and safety, international as well as trade regulation and restrictions.(PESTEL)

legal

is designed to achieve their organization’s mission, vision, goals, and objectives and maintaining their organizational stability through income generation and profit-making activities.(Forms of Business Organizations)

profit business organizations

An organization’s internal environment must also be subjected to internal analyses. Internal strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats about its resources such as financial, physical, mechanical, technological, and human resources, researches and development endeavors, production of goods, procurement of supplies like materials, inputs, and finance, and products and services must all be considered before organizational planning.

business environment of the firm

is made up of a small group of full-time workers and outside experts who are hired temporarily to work on assigned projects; members are physically dispersed and usually communicate electronically.(types of business organization)

virtual business organizations

is a business organizational form with a flexible design, where the employees work on a project assigned to them within a definite time frame; projects may be short-term or long-term and members disband when the project is completed.(types of business organization)

project business structure

– It allows prioritization of problems that need to be addressed.(plannning tool)

simple frequency count

This includes efforts to revolutionize organizational systems and processes to satisfy customer needs.(organizing methods)

reengineering

are parties likely to be affected by the activities of the organization, while customers are those who patronize the organization’s products and services.(business environment focus)

stakeholders

This management theory makes use of the step-by-step, scientific methods for finding the single best way to do a job. Frederick W. Taylor (1856–1915) is the proponent of this theory and is known as the father of scientific management.

scientific management theory

Industry becomes more diverse. Growth should spread to different parts of the country as the state of technology improves - the nation shifts toward a diverse economy, with massive growth in many sectors as influenced by the use of innovation that uplifts the individual income of the citizens.(phases of economic development)

drive to maturity

are the tactical managers in charge of the organization’s middle levels or departments. They formulate specific objectives and activities based on the strategic or general goals and objectives developed by top-level managers.

middle-level managers

where the organization as a whole is made up of small teams that work together to achieve the organization’s purpose; popular in a collective culture.(types of business organization)

team structures

The manufacturing industry assumes greater importance, although the number of industries remains small. Political and social institutions start to develop - external finance may still be required. Savings and investment grow, perhaps to 15% of GDP. Agriculture assumes lesser importance in relative terms although the majority of people may remain employed in the farming sector.(phases of economic development)

take-off

is a management philosophy that focuses on the satisfaction of customers, their needs, and their expectations. Quality experts W. Edwards Deming (1900–1993) and Joseph M. Juran (1904–2008) introduced this customer-oriented idea in the 1950s; however, the concept had few supporters.

total quality management(TQM) theory

are also known as operational managers and are responsible for supervising the organization’s day-to-day activities; they are the bridges between management and non-management employees. Traditionally, they are controlled and instructed by top- and middle-level managers to follow their orders in support of the organization’s major strategy.

frontline or lower-level managers

It is a problem-solving model used to improve organizational processes.(planning tool)

plan-do-check-act(PDCA)

– It is characterized by dominant and self-confident leaders.(leadership perspective)

charismatic leadership

– These are commonly used in situations where there is a lack of or inaccurate information.(controlling approach)

education and communication

These factors determine the influence of the surrounding environment and the impact of ecological aspects to a market or industry. These include climate, recycling procedures, carbon footprint, waste disposal, and sustainability.(PESTEL)

environmental

Walt Whitman Rostow took a historical approach in suggesting that developed countries have tended to pass through five (5) stages to reach their current degree of economic development.

phases of economic development

These are the factors that may pose potential harm to an organization. For instance, a drought is a threat to a wheat-producing company, as it may destroy or reduce the crop yield. Other common threats include rising costs for materials, increasing competition, tight labor supply, and disruption through emerging technologies that may drive products or services obsolete.(business environment of the firm)

threats

These are the internal areas that hinder an organization from performing at its optimum level. These are areas where the business needs to make some improvements to remain competitive. These include a weak brand, higher-than-average turnover, high levels of debt, an inadequate supply chain, or lack of capital, among others.(business environment of the firm)

weaknesses

These factors determine the impact of the economy and its performance, to an organization and its profitability. These include interest rates, employment or unemployment rates, raw material costs, and foreign exchange rates, among others.(PESTEL)

economic

These are the internal areas where an organization excels and the factors which separate an organization from its competitors. These include a strong brand image, a loyal customer base, a strong balance sheet, and unique technology, among others.(business environment of the firm)

strengths

include the customers’ changing values and preferences; customs could also affect management practices in companies.(environmental factors)

sociocultural

These are useful for scheduling and planning projects and are considered visual tools in implementing action plans.(planning tool)

gantt charts

Systematic monitoring of the major external forces influencing organizations is necessary to improve the management of companies. Failure to consider a company’s general and specific business environments may affect the strategies that management will make and use.

environmental forces

are those which assign experts or specialists belonging to different functional departments to work together on one (1) or more projects; exhibit dual reporting relationships in which managers’ report to two (2) superiors – the functional manager and the divisional manager.(types of business organization)

matrix business organization

It is a tool that puts key processes in symbolic patterns that are easy to understand.(planning tool)

flow chart

It is characterized by charisma (or charismatic leadership traits), aptitudes (capabilities of giving their followers individualized attention), and intellectually stimulating qualities.(leadership perspective)

transformational leadership

involves the study of the conduct, demeanor, or action of people at work. Research on behavior helps managers carry out their functions—leading, team building, and resolving conflict, among others. Robert Owen, Mary Parker Follet, Hugo Munsterberg, and Chester Barnard were the early supporters of this approach.

organizational behavior(OB) approach

– It involves planned removal of positions or jobs.(organizing methods)

downsizing

It calls for subassemblies and apparatus to be produced and delivered to process stages exactly at the time needed.(organizing methods)

just in time(JIT)

This force is threatening when buyers can easily find substitute products with attractive prices or better quality, and when buyers can switch from one product or service to another with little cost. For example, switching from coffee to tea does not cost anything, unlike switching from car to bicycle.(posters 5 forces)

threat of subdtitution

are made up of separate business units that are semi-autonomous or semi-independent, with a division head responsible for his/her unit’s performance. In other words, each division has its functional organization and its general manager. However, the central headquarters management maintains responsibility for the delineation of organizational goals of the individual divisions.(Forms of Business Organizations)

divisional business organizations

– These are commonly used in situations where initiators face a lack of information for the change and other participants have the power to resist the same.(controlling approach)

participation and involvement

This is an agricultural economy of mainly subsistence farming, little of which is traded. The size of the capital stock is limited and of low quality resulting in very low labor productivity and little surplus output left to sell in domestic and overseas markets.(phases of economic development)

traditional society

This theory concentrates on the manager’s functions and what makes up good management practice or implementation. Henri Fayol (1841–1925) and Max Weber (1864–1920) are the personalities most commonly associated with it.

general administrative theory

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Q1 Flashcards

(74 cards)