Organization & ICT Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is an organization (1)
- A social entity
- Driven by objectives
- Designed as a structured and coordinated system
- That interacts with the external environment
In formal Or informal ways
What is an organization (2)
People working in the enterprises and information and communication technologies, where PEOPLE & TECH are the two main levels for competitive advantage and for creating innovation.
Human resources–> human capital –> people
-Human resource = instrumental, focused on the objectives, goals and needs of the organization.
Resources run out.
- 50s“capital”. If you correctly use capital, it grows
-People as they are the key asset for organizations to maintain a competitive advantage in the organization strategy, needs and goals
Competitiveness
The ability of a company to gain and maintain the market share in a market. Related to company effectiveness, which is determined by whether the company satisfies the needs of stakeholders (groups
affected by business practices)
Vision
- It is a picture of the future: an ideal and unique image of what the organization will become and the impact it will make. It can be emotive and a source of inspiration.
- “A vision is a mental image of what you want your business to be at some point in the future, based on your goals and aspirations”
A vision is a conceptual framework about the domain used to have an objective to realize in the future. I can create the vision using a methodology. - The vision is a picture about an idea in the future regarding a specific domain. When you define the vision, you can see the payoff. It is important to have the perception of what value is in our vision.
-Outlines what an organization wants to be, or how it wants the world in which it operates to be. - It must address a problem, be presented passionately, it is concise but powerful and portable so that it can be easily remembered, modeled, communicated and transferred
Mission
Defines the fundamental purpose of an organization or an enterprise, succintly describing why it exists and what it does to achieve its vision.
Organization planning phases
(l) teambuilding, modelling, and consensus; (2) evaluating what an organization has accomplished and the resources they have acquired; (3) analyzing their business, economic, political, and societal environments; (4) anticipating and evaluating the impact of future developments; (5) building a shared vision and deciding on what goals they want to achieve; and (6) deciding which actions to take to achieve their goals.
Strategic planning
deals with the development of an organization’s mission, goals, strategies, and policies. Corporations may begin the process by developing a shared vision using a variety of techniques
Scenario approach to planning
teams of managers and other planners participate in a microworld, or virtual world, exercises. in the scenario approach to strategic IS planning, teams of business and IS managers create and evaluate a variety of business scenarios
Planning IT for competitive advantage
- The model of competitive forces (competitors, customers, suppliers, new entrants, and substitutes) and competitive strategies (cost leadership, differentiation, growth, innovation, and alliances) used to generate idead for the strategic use of IT.
- SWOT analysis
- Use tech in the organizational meaning by using a specific approach, methodology, tools.
- Define the variables and characteristics of people & tech you need
A business model
Conceptual framework that expresses the underlying economic logic and the system that prove how a business can deliver value to customers at an appropriate cost and make money.
The business/lT planning process has three major components
• Strategic Development = Developing business strategies that support a company’s business
vision.
• Resource Management= Developing strategic plans for managing or outsourcing a company’s IT resources.
• Technology Architecture= Making strategic IT choices that reflect an information technology architecture designed to support a company’s e-business and other business/IT initiatives.
Information technology architecture includes
- Technology Platform
- Data Resources.
- Applications Architecture
- IT Organization= needs to meet the changing strategies of a business. The form of the IT organization depends on the managerial philosophy and business/lT strategies
The balanced scorecard (BSC)
BSC is a strategic management system that forces
managers to focus on the important performance metrics that drive success. It balances a •financial
perspective with •customer, •internal process, and •learning and growth perspectives. The system
consists of four processes: (1) translating the vision into operational goals; (2) communicating the
vision and linking it to individual performance; (3) business planning; (4) feedback and learning, and
then adjusting the strategy accordingly. Criticized because it has no basis in the decision sciences
Strategic use of Internet technologies
- Cost and Efficiency Improvements
- Performance Improvement in Business Effectiveness
- Global Market Penetration
- Product and Service Transformation
The business application planning
Begins after the strategic phase of business/ IT planning has occurred.
- IT proposals for adressing strategic business priorities
- Business casefor investing in e-business projects
- Plan for application development and implementation
Implementation
process that carries out the plans for changes in
business/lT strategies and applications that were developed in the planning process
IT implementation challenges
-Implementing new business/IT requires managing the
effects of major changes in key organizational dimensions such as business processes, organizational structures, managerial roles, employee work assignments, and stakeholder relationships that arise from the deployment of new business information systems.
-Any new way of doing things generates some resistance from the people affected
- Direct end-user participation in business planning is especially important in reducing the potential for end-user resistance
Some key tactics
- Involve as many people as possible in e-business planning and application development.
- Make constant change an expected part of the culture.
- Tell everyone as much as possible about everything as often as possible, preferably in person.
- Make liberal use of financial incentives and recognition.
- Work within the company culture, not around it.
Key points
-Organizational Planning=A good planning process
helps organizations learn about themselves and promotes organizational change and renewal
- Business/IT Planning= Strategic business/IT planning involves aligning investment in information
technology with a company’s business vision and strategic goals
- Implementing Business Change
Innovation capabilities
- To imagine the future and create a vision
- To recognize an opportunity
- To use knowledge concretely —> Competence as knowledge + capabilities to use knowledge +
behavior - To work (together) with whom that can help you to reach a result (ex open innovation)
- To realize a project (effectiveness) without wasting resources
- To change the way to do work leading people in a new «context», leadership skills
- To prefer substance and not the form
- Be creative
WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM?
A set of elements that produce data and transform data into information making it usable by anyone who need it.
System composed by interrelated components working together to:
- Collect data
- Process data to produce information
- Store data and information
- Disseminate data and information
IS 2 subgroups
1) TLC
2) IT: hardware, software, services, technical support & services. Software can be for applications, systems, middleware.
There are 3 LEVELS OF SOLUTION:
- Systems: make the machine work from a technical point of view. (ex security)
- Platforms for socializing. (ex Moodle)
- Applications with specific goals.
Difference between Information systems and data
IS produce data as explanation of something that happens in the reality. Data is an objective representation of the reality. A IS challenge is putting together different algorithms to produce objective information
Information need to be
- available
- clear
