Organization of Life Definitions

Question 1

Cellular Membrane

Answer 1

Composed of two layers of phospholipids that line up tail to tail (phospholipid bilayer)

Question 2

Cell Wall

Answer 2

Protective semi-permeable outer layer found in plant, fungi, and prokaryotic cells.

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

Plants produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water using light.

Question 4

Chlorophyll

Answer 4

Found in plant cells, it reflects green light and absorbs blue and red light well.

Question 5

Thylakoids

Answer 5

Photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplasts.

Question 6

Granum

Answer 6

Stack of thylakoids

Question 7

Stroma

Answer 7

Region outside of the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts.

Question 8

Light Independent Reaction

Answer 8

Calvin Cycle

Question 9

NADPH+

Answer 9

The carrier molecule involved in photosynthesis.

Question 10

Stromata

Answer 10

Pores underneath leaves that allow air to come in and out of the leaf.

Question 11

ATP

Answer 11

Adenine Triphosphate. The energy molecule used by all cells to do work.

Question 12

calorie

Answer 12

Measurement of the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

Question 13

Glycolysis

Answer 13

The first part of cellular respiration that breaks glucose down into pyruvate, which is easier for enzymes to break down later on.

Question 14

Lactic Acid

Answer 14

The byproduct of glycolysis. Also produced when there is not enough time to fully complete the process of cellular respiration (ex. excersising)

Question 15

Krebs Cycle

Answer 15

The second step to cellular respiration. It requires oxygen and occurs in mitochondria of the cell. This break pyruvate and breaks it down into carbon dioxide and enzymes.

Question 16

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 16

The third step to cellular respiration. It uses energy molecules from the Krebs cycle to convert other molecules into ATP.

Question 17

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 17

Cells that are on their own (unicellular). They do not have membrane bound organelles and the DNA is not contained in the nucleus.

Question 18

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 18

Cells that have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus. Mostly in multicellular organisms.

Question 19

Cilia

Answer 19

Short, hair-like structures that a cell can sway back and forth to create movement. The cell uses ATP to activate the cilia.

Question 20

Flagella

Answer 20

Long tails to help cells swim and move. The cell uses ATP to whip the flagella back and forth.

Question 21

Pseudopods

Answer 21

The cells stretches out its cell memebrane and cytoplasm and drags the rest of the cell towards it. Common in amoeba.

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

A cells will surround their food and secrete enzymes to kill it.

Question 23

Extracellular Digestion

Answer 23

Some cells (like fungi) will secrete digestive enzymes outside their body and absorb the nutrients that filter in.

Question 24

Symbiotic Relationships

Answer 24

A relationship one organisim has with another that is necessary for survival. It is usually and win-win situation for both organisims.

Question 25

Innate Behavior

Answer 25

Behaviors genetically determined by DNA. Offspring are born with these.

Question 26

Learned Behavior

Answer 26

Determined by interactions and influence from the surrounding environment.

Question 27

Kinesis

Answer 27

A non-directional innate behavior in which the direction of movement changes until the solution or preferred conditions are reached. Often comes with an increase in speed.

Question 28

Tropisms

Answer 28

An innate behavior used by plants to respond to stimuli.

Question 29

Phototropism

Answer 29

The bending of stems and leaves towards a light source. Cells on a shaded side of the plant will elongate towards the sun/

Question 30

Gravitropsim

Answer 30

A response towards gravity. The roots go down and the shoot goes up towards the sun.

Question 31

Thigotropisim

Answer 31

A response to be touched by another thing. All plants will respond differently, some coiling around or moving away from it.

Question 32

Taxonomy

Answer 32

The scientific study of classification of organisms through natural relationships.

Question 33

Bionomial Nomenclature

Answer 33

The two word latin name given to an organism consisting of genus and species.