Organization of Life Processes Flashcards
(33 cards)
What does light help to do in reactions?
It speeds up reactions as a source of energy and heat.
Do animals have cell walls?
No.
What are fungi cell walls made of?
Chitin.
Are fungi closer to animals or plants?
Animals
What is the Kingdom of bacteria?
Monera
What is the Protista Kingdom made of?
Protists are the members of an informal group of eukaryotic organisms that are not animals, plants, or fungi. They do not have much in common other than they don’t fit into any other categories.
What else is included in a cellular membrane?
Protein channels that act as ion pumps. Some are used for communication and identification for cells.
Cell walls are found in…
Plants, fungi, and prokaryotic cells.
What are bacteria cell walls made of?
Peptidoglycan, essential to bacteria survival.
Why do plants make glucose?
For general functions, and to convert it into starch for energy storage. It also allows plants to make other chemicals for growth.
Name the formula for photosynthesis and what is happening.
Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and water with light to convert it into glucose and oxygen.
6O2 + 6H2O ~ C6H12O6 + 6O2
How does NADP+ become NADPH?
By the addition of two electrons and a hydrogen ion.
What does the Light Dependent Reaction do?
Responsible for converting ADP into ATP, and produces oxygen as a byproduct from water, and converts NADP+ into NADPH.
Where does the Light Dependent Reaction take place?
In the thylakoids of chloroplasts.
What does the Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reaction) do?
It diffuses carbon dioxide through the stomata. It produces six glucose, utilizes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and creates 6-carbon molecules by breaking carbon dioxide.
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
The stroma of the chloroplasts.
Why are the chemical equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration opposites?
The products for one are the reactants of the other. Photosynthesis makes glucose, and cellular respiration takes glucose and breaks it down into sugar to release the stored energy in glucose either from photosynthesis or heterotrphic organisms.
Why does cellular respiration continue past glycolysis?
If it only took one step, potential energy would be used and instantly lost.
What percentage of chemical energy has yet to be used after glycolysis?
About 90%
What does the Krebs Cycle require?
Oxygen. It is aerobic.
What does the Krebs Cycle do?
Takes pyruvate from glycolysis and breaks it down into carbon dioxide and enzymes, giving the Krebs cycle fuel to create other products.
At the end of the Krebs Cycle, 1 pyruvate has been broken down into:
4 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
What does the Electron Transport Chain do?
It uses a series of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and energy from the Krebs cycle to convert other molecules into ATP.
Why is oxygen needed for cellular respiration?
Without oxygen, glycolysis gives only 2 out of a potential 36 molecules of ATP. Only when oxygen is present can the Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain be used.
