Organization Of The Human Body Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Homestasis definition:
A
regulating internal environment
2
Q
Atonomy definition:
A
the science of structure and its relationship with other structure
3
Q
Physiology definition:
A
the science of body functions
4
Q
How many levels of organism in the human body?
A
6 (chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal)
5
Q
Chemical level definition:
A
Smallest unit of matter that particiate in chemical reaction
6
Q
What is the smallest living unit in the human body?
A
Cells
7
Q
Cellular level definition:
A
the basic structure and functional units of organism
8
Q
Chemical level example
A
Atoms, molecules. DNA, hemoglobin, glucose
9
Q
Cellular level example
A
Muscle, nerve, blood cells
10
Q
Tissue level definition
A
Group of cells and materials that work together to perform a particular task
11
Q
What are tissue made up of?
A
Cells
12
Q
Tissue level example
A
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous tissue
13
Q
Organ level definition:
A
Different kinds of tissues joined together to form body structure
14
Q
What is a unique trait about organs?
A
They have a recognizable shape and are composed of 2 different types of tissues to perform a particular task
15
Q
Organ example
A
Stomach, liver, heart, lungs, and brain
16
Q
System level definition:
A
Relating organs that have a common function
17
Q
What is the integumentary system made up of?
A
Skin, hair, nails, sweat/oil glandsand subcutaneous layer (under the skin)
18
Q
Integumentary system function?
A
Regulate temp, protect body, eliminate waste and feel sensations
19
Q
How many systems are there?
A
11 (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous,endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive system)
20
Q
What is the skeletal system made up of?
A
Bones, joint and cartilage
21
Q
Skeletal system function
A
Support and protect body, support muscle attachment and movement
22
Q
What is the muscular system made up of?
A
Skeletal muscle tissue
23
Q
Muscular system function
A
Help body move
24
Q
What is the nervous system made up of?
A
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ears and eyes
25
Nervous system function
Regulate body by detecting changes and respond to them through contractions and relaxation
26
What is the endocrine system made up of?
All the tissues and glands that produce hormones (hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland,adrenal gland, pancreas, testis and ovary)
27
Endocrine system function
Regulate body activity through hormones transported by blood to organs
28
What is the cardiovascular system made up of?
Blood, heart, and blood vessel
29
Cardiovascular system function
Pump blood, regulate oxygen, acidity, temp, water, defeat diseases and clot blood vessels
30
What is the lymphatic system and immunity made up of?
tissues and organs that help protect the body from infection and disease.(Tonsils, adenoids, thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes.
31
Lymphatic system and immunity function
keep the bodys fluid levels in balance and defend the body against infections.
32
What is the respiratory system made up of?
Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchial tubes
33
Respiratory system function
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide and flow air through lungs and vocal cord
34
What is the digestive system made up of?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, rectum, salivary gland, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and anus
35
Digestive system function
Break down food physically and chemically, absorb nutrients and eliminate waste
36
What is the urinary system made up of?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
37
Urinary system function
Produce, store and eliminate waste
38
What is the reproductive system made up of?
Testes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, deferens, and penis
39
Reproductive system function
Form a new organism and release hormones
40
System level definition:
Relating organs that have a common function
41
Organismal level
One human being (you!)
42
What is the largest level of organization?
Organismal level
43
What are the important life processes of humans?
Metabolism, responsive, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction
44
Metabolism definitions:
Chemical processes that occur in the body
45
Responsiveness definition:
The body's ability to detect and respond to changes in its environment
46
Movement definition:
Motion of the whole body
47
Growth definition:
1) increase in body size, 2) increase number of cells and surroundings cells
48
Differentiation definition:
Unspecialized cells become specialized cells
49
Reproduction definition:
1) the formation of new cells for growth, repair or replacement, 2) a new baby
50
What are the 2 controll systems?
Nervous and endocrine systems
51
Nervous system function:
Detects changes and sends messages (nerve impulses) to fix the change
52
How is homeostasis maintained?
Through a feedback system
53
Feedback system:
Is the cycle of the body being constantly monitored , evaluated, and changed
54
What is a distruptor of homeostasis called
A stimulus
55
What are the 3 basic components of a feedback system
Receptor, control center and effector
56
Receptor
A body structure (nerve ending) that monitors for change and sends information (input) to control center
57
Control center
(Brain) receives the messages and makes plans (output)
58
Effector
(Every organ/tissue) receives output and acts out the output
59
Negative feedback system definition:
Tries to reverse the change in a controlled condition over a stable and long period by doing the opposite
60
Positive feedback system definition:
Tries to strengthen/reinforce change in the body's controlled condition
61
Disorder definition:
Any abnormalities of structure/function
62
Disease definition:
Recognizable set of signs and symptoms
63
Symptoms definition:
Subjective changes in the body that are not apparent to an observer
64
Signs definition:
Objective changes that are observable and measurable
65
Again definition:
The body's inability to maintain homeostasis
66
Prone definition:
Stomach on ground
67
Supine definition:
Spine on ground
68
What consists of the head
Skull and facial features
69
How many regions is the body divided into?
5 (head, neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb)
70
What does the trunk consist of?
Chest abdomen and pelvis
71
What does the upper limb consist of?
Shoulder, armpit, arm, forearm, wrist and hand
72
What does the lower limb consist of?
Buttock, thigh, leg, ankle and foot
73
Superior definition:
Towards the head/upper structure
74
Inferior definition:
Away from the head/lower structure
75
Anterior/ventrical definition:
Near the front of body
76
Posterior/dorsal definition:
Near the back of body
77
Medial definition:
Near the midline
78
Lateral definition:
Away from midline
79
Intermediate definition:
Between 2 structures
80
Ipsilateral definition:
Same side
81
Contralateral definition
Opposite side of the body
82
Proximal definition:
Near the trunk of body
83
Distal definition:
Away from trunk of body
84
Superficial definition:
Surface of the body
85
Internal definition:
Inside of the body
86
How many major planes are there?
4 (Sagittal, frontal, transverse, and oblique)
87
What does the Sagittal plane do?
It divides the body to left and right side
88
What does (Mid)Sagittal plane do?
Divides the body into equal left and right sides
89
What does (para)Sagittal plane do?
Divides the body into unequal left and right sides
90
What does the frontal plane do?
Divides the body into front and back
91
What does the transverse palne do?
Divide the body into upper and lower portions
92
What does the oblique plane do?
Passes the body at an angle
93
Body cavity purpose:
Spaces in the body that contain, protect, separate, and support internal organs
94
What does the cranial cavity have?
Skull and brains
95
What does the vertebral canal have?
Spine and spinal cord
96
What is the thoracic cavity?
Chest cavity
97
How is the thoracic cavity divided?
Into 3 parts. 1 pericardial cavity (heart) and 2 pleural cavity (lungs)
98
What is the mediastinum and what does it contain?
It's between the lungs and helps protect, support and separate the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and blood vessels
99
What does the abdominal cavity contain?
Stomach, spleen,liver, gallbladder, small/large intestine
100
What does the pelvic cavity contain?
Urinary bladder, large intestine and reproductive organs
101
Name the 4 quadrants
(RUQ) right upper quadrant (LUQ) left upper quadrant (RLQ) right lower quadrant (LLQ) left lower quadrant
102
9 region for anatomical studies
103
Parietal:
Outerwall of a body cavity
104
Visceral
Inner wall of the body cavity
105
Gross atonomy:
Study of structures that can be seen without a microscope
106
Microscopic anatomy:
Study of structure that require a microscope
107
Autopsy:
Examination of the body after death to determine the cause
108
Abdominopelvic cavity
Both abdominal and pelvic cavity
109
Peritoneum
Largest serious membrane of the abdominal cavity
110
Serious membrane
A membrane in the body cavity that does not open to the exterior
111
Epidemiology
Science that deals with "where, when and why" the disease occurs and how it's transmitted
112
Geriatrics
Science that deals with medical problems and care of old people
113
Pathology
Science of nature, cause and development of abnormal conditions and its aftermath
114
Pharmacology
The science of the effects of drugs in treatment
115
Membranes
Thin pliable tissue that covers, lines partitions or connects structures
