Orgs Flashcards by Mehar Soni

extraction of acids/bases

NEED to be extracted if acid by BASE and vice versa (so think pH to bring it into aq layer h20)

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rank bases strength

-CH3 > -NH2 > -OH > Br-

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Tollen’s reagent

Ag(NH3)2+ (tollens reagent), or Ag20 are n1ild oxidizing agents used to oxidize aldehydes into acids.

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side chain oxidation when its hexane

GETS TURNED INTO TWO CARB ACIDS

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watch wording of the questions

plz

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crossed clauses can’t mix!!

cuz of alpha proton rule thing

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determining the number of products formed

recognize the chiral compounds, each isomer is 1~

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which molecule is axial or equatorial

think not molar mass, but how many atoms bonded (ch3 is eq not br!)

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solvolysis

sn1 reaction, and adds whole GROUP

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tautomers can also be called

constitutional isomers!

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how to determine strongest base

will use lone pair. more “lone” the pair, the better. thus NO resonance, or electron withdrawing groups!

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when asked amount of isomers

be creative and draw!!

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carboxyl is what kind of group

META AND WITHDRAWING

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h2 and pt with no2

goes to nh2

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excess I2 and OH

HALOFORM

- this removes a ch3 from a methyl ketone and gives yellow ppt

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alkanes at room temp

first four are games, non polar and dissolve in GASOLINE

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acidic protons

always the OH or carboxyl!!

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forming a grignards

CAN”T have any acidic protons so most non polar one is the one it will form with!!!

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anhydride formation

using acyl halide and acid with PYR

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review your Spiro and bicycle naming please!!

ughh

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br2 and ccl4 test, as well as KMnO4 cold

reacts with double and triple bonds ONLY (no resonance!!)

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UV spec

used for conjugated molεcules and

involves transitions between e1εctronic energy levεIs.

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Nucleophilic Addition reactions

alde and ketones

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Nuclεophilic Acyl Substitution

Estεrs and amides

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Electrophilic addition reactions

alkenes and alkynes

Elεctrophilic Substitution reactions

Aromatic | compounds

enamine rxn can be ANY n with co!!!

yes

hydrolysis of enamine

just add water!!

using socl and py gives no

rearrangement!!

ald응hyde with an alpha hydrogεn， whεn in dilute acid or base

does ALDOL CONDENSE

cl2 and OH

remove alpha h's around and add! adds so many times...

be careful when doing r/s

dont assume

Hεating a bεta-kεto acid

causε a loss of CO2. make sure has the carboxy group beta to a kεto group

ester reacts with the Grignard

ALWAYS assun1ed 2 molεs of a Grignard if an eSter is present. ESTER LEAVES

doublε dεhydrohalogεnation reaction is __ mech?

E2!

poor LGS

OCH3, OH, CN, OC2Hs | *need v strong nuc to displace

LDA!

``` lithium diisopropylamide (look at structure) - This reagent is a large, sterically hindεrεd base that removes thε alpha proton that is most accessible. ```

whenever given pH of compound, and then pH of another thing...

use thε Henderson -Hassεlbach equation

pH = pKa + log[salt/acic]

intermediate of benzene substitution things is

carbocation!!!

alkylation of benzene using more than three corbons gives...

REARRANGEMENT

when given two rings and asked to do some benzene substitution ... ask

which ring is deactivating, then the other ring will direct

br2 and NBS prefer which site

NYTHIng that generates stable radicle!!!

peroxide initiators

create polymers!!! ()n things

how to make an ylide

add R chain to 3P in aprotic solvent, (sn2)

elution order in chromatography

by polarity! most polar is first

anytime a lactone is hydrolyzed

it is cut between the O and the C=O!!!!

can a single bond always rotate?

no, if there is resonance then its stuck!!!

HIO4

oxidizing agent, weak!!! also CLEAVES OH groups then does ox

positive tollens test

tεst can suggεst εithεr an aldehydε or an alpha -hydroxy kεtone.

2,4- DNP test

a carbonyl is present

when doing epoxide opening,

dont forget that addition still occurs! draw out the cut

practice aromaticity stuff

plz

careful of bulky bases and stuff!!!

during elimination

adding D2O and catalytic acid to ketone

remove all alpha hydrogens and add D

how to dtermine light rotation

experimentally only!!!

+ rotation

dextratory

-rotation

levoratory

aldehyde proton acidity

NOT VERY ACIDIC

AG2O, NH3

tollents. this is strong ox agent

diasteriomers are only possible

with MORE than one stereocenter

GO AND REDO ALL SLIDES ABOUT ENOLS

derrick

decarboxylation

gives off a CO2

when determining bond length

Rεcall Sp3 > Sp2 > sp in length. Look at the adjacent carbons on both sides of the respective bond like: A) sp3-sp2, etc

which alcohols dehydrate faster

3 prime OH only

adding Pt and H@ to rings

will open small rings too!!! not just hydrogenate

isomers and meso compounds

please draw them out but remember any meso compounds count as 1 not two!

any internal plane of symmetry, no matter what the dash and wedge say

is ACHIRAL

Orgs Flashcards

(68 cards)