Origin and Insertion of muscles

Question 1

superficial pectoral (descending and transverse)

Answer 1

O: 1st 3 sternebrae
I: crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
action when not bearing weight: adduct limb
action when bearing weight: prevent limb abduction

Question 2

deep pectoral

Answer 2

O: ventral part of the sternum
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus
action when not bearing weight: draw the limb caudally and flex shoulder joint
action when bearing weight: pull trunk cranially and extend shoulder joint

Question 3

cleidobrachialis

Answer 3

O: clavicle
I: distal end of the humerus
action: advance the limb and extend the shoulder joint

Question 4

cleidocervicalis

Answer 4

O: clavicle
I: mid-dorsal fibrous raphe or nuchal crest of occipital
action: advance the limb and extend the shoulder joint

Question 5

cleidomastoideus

Answer 5

O: clavicle
I: mastoid process
action: advance the imb and extend the shoulder joint

Question 6

omotransversarius

Answer 6

O: wing of the atlas
I: scapular spine
action: advance the limb or flex the neck laterally

Question 7

trapezius

Answer 7

O: median raphe from C3-T9
I: scapular spine
action: elevate and abduct the forelimb

Question 8

rhomboideus capitis

Answer 8

O: nuchal crest of the occipital
I: dorsal border of the scapula
action: elevate the forelimb and draw the scapula in

Question 9

rhomboideus cervicus

Answer 9

O: median raphe
I: dorsal border of the scapula
action: elevate the forelimb and draw the scapula in

Question 10

rhomboideus thoracis

Answer 10

O: T1-7
I: dorsal border of the scapula
action: elevate the forelimb and draw the scapula in

Question 11

latissimus dorsi

Answer 11

O: T6-L7
I: teres major tuberosity of the humerus
action: draw the limb caudally and flex the shoulder joint

Question 12

serratus ventralis cervicus

Answer 12

O: transverse processes of C2-7
I: serrated face of scapula

Question 13

serratus ventralis thoracis

Answer 13

O: transverse processes of T1-8
I: serrated face of scapula

Question 14

sternomastoideus

Answer 14

O: manubrium
I: mastoid process

Question 15

sternooccipitalis

Answer 15

O: manubrium
I: nuchal crest of the occipital

Question 16

sternohyoideus

Answer 16

O: manubrium and 1st costal cartilage
I: basihyoid

Question 17

sternothyroideus

Answer 17

O: 1st costal cartilage
I: thyroid cartilage

Question 18

Name at least 4 of the extrinsic muscles of the limb. There are 8 total.

Answer 18

1. Superficial pectoral
2. Deep pectoral
3. Brachiocephalicus
4. Omotransversarius
5. Trapezius
6. Rhomboideus
7. Latissimus dorsi
8. Serratus ventralis cervicis/thoracis

Question 19

deltoideus

Answer 19

O: scapular spine/acromion
I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 20

*supraspinatus

Answer 20

O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
actions: adduct, extend, medially rotate shoulder and stabilize shoulder joint
action when bearing weight: prevent lateral rotation

Question 21

infraspinatus

Answer 21

O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 22

teres minor

Answer 22

O: infraglenoid tubercle/caudal border of scapula
I: teres minor tuberosity of the humerus

Question 23

subscapularis

Answer 23

O: subscapular fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 24

*teres major

Answer 24

O: caudal border of the scapula/caudal surface of the subscapularis
I: teres major tuberosity of the humerus
actions: flex and medially rotate the shoulder
action when weight bearing: prevent lateral rotation

Question 25

coracobrachialis

Answer 25

O: coracoid process of the scapula I: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 26

*long head of the triceps

Answer 26

O: caudal border of the scapula I: olecranon tuber action: extend elbow, flex shoulder

Question 27

*lateral head of the triceps

Answer 27

O: tricipital line of the humerus I: olecranon tuber action: extend elbow

Question 28

*accesory head of the triceps

Answer 28

O: neck of the humerus I: olecranon tuber action: extend the elbow

Question 29

*medial head of the triceps

Answer 29

O: crest of the lesser tubercle I: olecranon action: extend the elbow

Question 30

*biceps brachii

Answer 30

O: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula I: ulnar and radial tuberosities action: flex the elbow and extend the shoulder

Question 31

*extensor carpi radialis

Answer 31

O: lateral supracondylar crest I: dorsal surface of metacarpals II and III action: extend the carpus

Question 32

*common and lateral digital extensor

Answer 32

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: extensor processes of distal phalanges action: extend the joints of the carpus and digits

Question 33

*superficial digital flexor

Answer 33

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: the palmar surface of the base (proximal end) of the middle phalanges of digits 2,3,4, and 5 Innervation: medial nerve action: to flex carpal, metocarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

Question 34

*flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 34

composed of ulnar head and humeral head O of ulnar head: the caudal border and medial surface of the olecranon O of humeral head: the medial epicondyle of the humerus I: the accessory carpal bone action: flex the carpal

Question 35

*deep digital flexor

Answer 35

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus, ulna and radius I: flexor tubercle of the distal phalanx action: to flex the carpal, metocarpalphalangeal and proximal and distal phalangeal joints

Question 36

ulnaris lateralis

Answer 36

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: metacarpal 5 and accessory carpal A: abduct the manus, flex the carpal joint

Question 37

flexor carpi radialis

Answer 37

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: palmar surface of base of metacarpals II and III A: flex the carpus