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Hist > Origins and Development of the Cold War in Europe, 1945-1955 > Flashcards

Origins and Development of the Cold War in Europe, 1945-1955 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the main factors that led to the Cold War?

A

Factors include:
* Differences in ideology
* Breakdown of wartime alliances
* Growing mistrust between USA and USSR
* Division of Europe after World War II
* Intensification of superpower rivalry

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2
Q

What type of government did the USA have during the Cold War?

A

Democratic with fair elections and a freely elected government

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3
Q

What type of economic system did the USSR support?

A

Command economy controlled by the government

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4
Q

What was the significance of the Russian Civil War for USA-USSR relations?

A

The USA, Britain, and France backed the White forces against the Red Communists, fostering tension

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5
Q

Why did Stalin suspect the Allies during World War II?

A

Stalin believed the Allies were slow to open a second front against Hitler, suspecting they wanted a weakened USSR

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6
Q

What was decided about Germany at the Yalta Conference?

A

Germany would be disarmed and divided into four occupation zones

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7
Q

What were the key disagreements at the Potsdam Conference?

A

Disagreements included:
* Treatment of Germany
* Free elections in Poland
* Soviet Union’s role in defeating Japan

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8
Q

What did the USA want for Germany’s post-war recovery?

A

The USA wanted Germany to recover economically to aid Europe’s overall recovery

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9
Q

What was Stalin’s goal for Poland after World War II?

A

To establish a pro-Soviet communist government

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10
Q

What was the purpose of Stalin’s ‘salami tactics’?

A

To gradually remove non-Communist leaders from power and establish control over Eastern Europe

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11
Q

What did Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech signify?

A

It highlighted the division of Europe into a USSR bloc and a USA bloc

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12
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

A policy to support countries resisting Communism, starting with Greece and Turkey

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13
Q

What was the aim of the Marshall Plan?

A

To provide economic aid to European countries recovering from WWII and safeguard democracy

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14
Q

What was Cominform?

A

The Communist Information Bureau established to consolidate Communist states in Europe

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15
Q

What was COMECON?

A

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance to coordinate economic activity among Eastern bloc countries

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16
Q

What led to the Berlin Blockade?

A

The merger of USA and Britain’s zones into Bizonia and the introduction of the Deutsche Mark in Western zones

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17
Q

What was the outcome of the Berlin Blockade?

A

Stalin imposed a blockade on West Berlin, closing land, water, and rail routes

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The USSR was _______ with a state-controlled one-party system.

A

communist

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19
Q

True or False: The USA aimed to establish a command economy in post-war Europe.

A

False

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20
Q

What event marked the beginning of the USA’s containment policy?

A

The announcement of the Truman Doctrine in March 1947

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21
Q

What was the financial aid amount provided by the USA through the Marshall Plan?

A

$13 billion

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22
Q

What was the primary focus of Comecon?

A

Sharing economic expertise and providing technical aid among Eastern bloc countries

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23
Q

In what year was the Marshall Plan announced?

A

June 1947

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24
Q

What was the purpose of introducing the Deutsche Mark in the Western zones?

A

To aid in economic recovery

The Deutsche Mark was introduced in June 1948 in the Western zones, including West Berlin.

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25
What did Stalin impose on West Berlin during the Berlin Blockade?
A blockade that closed land, water, and rail routes ## Footnote Communications with the Western zones were severed, cutting off supplies of food, gas, and electricity.
26
What was Stalin's aim with the Berlin Blockade?
To coerce the USA and Britain into abandoning plans for a separate Western state ## Footnote This aimed to keep Germany divided and weakened.
27
What was the Berlin Airlift?
A response by the USA and Britain to the blockade, flying supplies into West Berlin ## Footnote Planes delivered over 2.3 million tonnes of essential supplies continuously for 11 months.
28
How often did flights arrive during the Berlin Airlift?
Every 30 seconds ## Footnote The airlift provided crucial supplies to West Berlin during the blockade.
29
What was the outcome of the Berlin Blockade for the USSR?
The USSR faced humiliation as the blockade failed ## Footnote The USA and Britain earned respect for their effective response.
30
What significant political entity was formed from the merging of the French, USA, and British zones?
Trizonia, also known as the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) ## Footnote This occurred after the Berlin Blockade.
31
What was the name given to the USSR's zone after the division of Germany?
German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ## Footnote This name was adopted following the establishment of West Germany.
32
What is NATO and when was it established?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, established in April 1949 ## Footnote NATO included the USA, Canada, and several European nations.
33
What was the driving force behind the formation of NATO?
The USA's growing concern over the USSR's influence ## Footnote This included the substantial number of Soviet troops in Eastern Europe.
34
What commitment did NATO members make?
Mutual assistance in the event of an attack on any member country ## Footnote This alliance was bolstered by military support from the USA.
35
What was the Warsaw Pact and when was it formed?
A military alliance formed in 1955 including the USSR and its satellite states ## Footnote It was a direct response to NATO.
36
Which countries were included in the Warsaw Pact?
* USSR * Albania * Bulgaria * Czechoslovakia * East Germany * Hungary * Poland * Romania ## Footnote The pact aimed to safeguard the USSR and its satellite states against NATO.
37
What agreement did members of the Warsaw Pact make?
Mutual assistance if any member was attacked ## Footnote This led to the stationing of Soviet military forces in member countries.
38
True or False: NATO helped prevent the spread of Communism into Western Europe.
True ## Footnote However, it also intensified the divide between Eastern and Western Europe.
39
What were the main factors that led to the Cold War?
Factors include: * Differences in ideology * Breakdown of wartime alliances * Growing mistrust between USA and USSR * Division of Europe after World War II * Intensification of superpower rivalry
40
What type of government did the USA have during the Cold War?
Democratic with fair elections and a freely elected government
41
What type of economic system did the USSR support?
Command economy controlled by the government
42
What was the significance of the Russian Civil War for USA-USSR relations?
The USA, Britain, and France backed the White forces against the Red Communists, fostering tension
43
Why did Stalin suspect the Allies during World War II?
Stalin believed the Allies were slow to open a second front against Hitler, suspecting they wanted a weakened USSR
44
What was decided about Germany at the Yalta Conference?
Germany would be disarmed and divided into four occupation zones
45
What were the key disagreements at the Potsdam Conference?
Disagreements included: * Treatment of Germany * Free elections in Poland * Soviet Union's role in defeating Japan
46
What did the USA want for Germany's post-war recovery?
The USA wanted Germany to recover economically to aid Europe's overall recovery
47
What was Stalin's goal for Poland after World War II?
To establish a pro-Soviet communist government
48
What was the purpose of Stalin's 'salami tactics'?
To gradually remove non-Communist leaders from power and establish control over Eastern Europe
49
What did Churchill's 'Iron Curtain' speech signify?
It highlighted the division of Europe into a USSR bloc and a USA bloc
50
What was the Truman Doctrine?
A policy to support countries resisting Communism, starting with Greece and Turkey
51
What was the aim of the Marshall Plan?
To provide economic aid to European countries recovering from WWII and safeguard democracy
52
What was Cominform?
The Communist Information Bureau established to consolidate Communist states in Europe
53
What was COMECON?
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance to coordinate economic activity among Eastern bloc countries
54
What led to the Berlin Blockade?
The merger of USA and Britain's zones into Bizonia and the introduction of the Deutsche Mark in Western zones
55
What was the outcome of the Berlin Blockade?
Stalin imposed a blockade on West Berlin, closing land, water, and rail routes
56
Fill in the blank: The USSR was _______ with a state-controlled one-party system.
communist
57
True or False: The USA aimed to establish a command economy in post-war Europe.
False
58
What event marked the beginning of the USA's containment policy?
The announcement of the Truman Doctrine in March 1947
59
What was the financial aid amount provided by the USA through the Marshall Plan?
$13 billion
60
What was the primary focus of Comecon?
Sharing economic expertise and providing technical aid among Eastern bloc countries
61
In what year was the Marshall Plan announced?
June 1947
62
What was the purpose of introducing the Deutsche Mark in the Western zones?
To aid in economic recovery ## Footnote The Deutsche Mark was introduced in June 1948 in the Western zones, including West Berlin.
63
What did Stalin impose on West Berlin during the Berlin Blockade?
A blockade that closed land, water, and rail routes ## Footnote Communications with the Western zones were severed, cutting off supplies of food, gas, and electricity.
64
What was Stalin's aim with the Berlin Blockade?
To coerce the USA and Britain into abandoning plans for a separate Western state ## Footnote This aimed to keep Germany divided and weakened.
65
What was the Berlin Airlift?
A response by the USA and Britain to the blockade, flying supplies into West Berlin ## Footnote Planes delivered over 2.3 million tonnes of essential supplies continuously for 11 months.
66
How often did flights arrive during the Berlin Airlift?
Every 30 seconds ## Footnote The airlift provided crucial supplies to West Berlin during the blockade.
67
What was the outcome of the Berlin Blockade for the USSR?
The USSR faced humiliation as the blockade failed ## Footnote The USA and Britain earned respect for their effective response.
68
What significant political entity was formed from the merging of the French, USA, and British zones?
Trizonia, also known as the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) ## Footnote This occurred after the Berlin Blockade.
69
What was the name given to the USSR's zone after the division of Germany?
German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ## Footnote This name was adopted following the establishment of West Germany.
70
What is NATO and when was it established?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, established in April 1949 ## Footnote NATO included the USA, Canada, and several European nations.
71
What was the driving force behind the formation of NATO?
The USA's growing concern over the USSR's influence ## Footnote This included the substantial number of Soviet troops in Eastern Europe.
72
What commitment did NATO members make?
Mutual assistance in the event of an attack on any member country ## Footnote This alliance was bolstered by military support from the USA.
73
What was the Warsaw Pact and when was it formed?
A military alliance formed in 1955 including the USSR and its satellite states ## Footnote It was a direct response to NATO.
74
Which countries were included in the Warsaw Pact?
* USSR * Albania * Bulgaria * Czechoslovakia * East Germany * Hungary * Poland * Romania ## Footnote The pact aimed to safeguard the USSR and its satellite states against NATO.
75
What agreement did members of the Warsaw Pact make?
Mutual assistance if any member was attacked ## Footnote This led to the stationing of Soviet military forces in member countries.
76
True or False: NATO helped prevent the spread of Communism into Western Europe.
True ## Footnote However, it also intensified the divide between Eastern and Western Europe.

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