origins of psychology

Question 1

What year did Wilhelm Wundt open the first lab dedicated to psychological enquiry?

Answer 1

1879

Question 2

Where was Wundt’s lab located?

Answer 2

Leipzig, Germany

Question 3

What significant milestone in psychology is marked by Wundt’s lab?

Answer 3

The beginning of scientific psychology

Question 4

What was the primary aim of Wundt’s work?

Answer 4

To analyse the nature of human consciousness

Question 5

What method did Wundt develop for studying the mind?

Answer 5

Introspection

Question 6

What was one of Wundt’s main objectives in his research?

Answer 6

To develop theories about mental processes

Question 7

What types of stimuli did Wundt and his co-workers use in their experiments?

Answer 7

Different objects or sounds

Question 8

Into how many categories did Wundt and his co-workers divide their observations?

Answer 8

Three categories

Question 9

What were the three categories of observations in Wundt’s introspection method?

Answer 9

• Thoughts
• Images
• Sensations

Question 10

What is the term for isolating the structure of consciousness as practiced by Wundt?

Answer 10

Structuralism

Question 11

How were the stimuli presented to participants in Wundt’s experiments?

Answer 11

In the same order with the same instructions

Question 12

What is one strength of Wundt’s work?

Answer 12

Some methods were systematic and well-controlled

Question 13

In what environment were Wundt’s introspections recorded?

Answer 13

Controlled environment of the lab

Question 14

What was the purpose of standardising procedures and instructions in Wundt’s research?

Answer 14

To ensure all participants received the same information

Question 15

What does Wundt’s research suggest about later scientific approaches in psychology?

Answer 15

It can be considered a forerunner to the behaviourist approach

Question 16

What is one limitation of Wundt’s research?

Answer 16

It relied on participants self-reporting their mental processes

Question 17

What type of data did Wundt’s research primarily utilize?

Answer 17

Subjective data

Question 18

What influences subjective data in Wundt’s research?

Answer 18

Personal perspective

Question 19

Why is it difficult to establish meaningful ‘laws of behaviour’ from Wundt’s data?

Answer 19

Participants may have hidden some of their thoughts

Question 20

What is one of the aims of science that Wundt’s research fails to meet?

Answer 20

To predict future behaviour

Question 21

True or False: Wundt’s early efforts to study the mind are considered scientifically sound today.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is science?

Answer 22

Science involves building knowledge through systematic and objective (unbiased) measurement

The aim is to discover general laws.

Question 23

Who questioned the value of introspection in psychology?

Answer 23

John B. Watson

He was a prominent behaviourist.

Question 24

What type of data did introspection produce?

Answer 24

Subjective data

This made it difficult to establish general laws.

Question 25

What did behaviourists propose about studying psychology?

Answer 25

A truly scientific psychology should only study phenomena that can be observed objectively and measured ## Footnote This led to a focus on observable behaviors.

Question 26

What approach dominated scientific psychology for the next 50 years after the behaviourist movement?

Answer 26

Behaviourist approach ## Footnote This approach emphasized controlled experiments.

Question 27

What metaphor did cognitive psychologists use to study the mind in the 1950s?

Answer 27

The mind as a computer ## Footnote This was exemplified by the multi-store model.

Question 28

What did cognitive psychologists test using experiments?

Answer 28

Predictions about memory and attention ## Footnote This made the study of the mind a legitimate scientific aspect.

Question 29

What significant advances did the biological approach utilize in the 1980s?

Answer 29

Advances in technology to investigate physiological processes ## Footnote Techniques like fMRI and EEG were used to study brain activity.

Question 30

What is an example of a method used in the biological approach to understand behavior?

Answer 30

Genetic testing ## Footnote This method helps clarify the relationship between genes and behavior.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The behaviourist approach focuses on _______.

Answer 31

observable behaviors

Question 32

True or False: The cognitive approach emerged after the behaviourist approach.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The digital revolution of the 1950s influenced the _______ approach in psychology.

Answer 33

cognitive

Question 34

What is one strength of modern psychology?

Answer 34

Research in modern psychology can claim to be scientific ## Footnote Psychology aims to describe, understand, predict, and control behaviour, similar to natural sciences.

Question 35

What methods do the learning approaches, cognitive approach, and biological approach in psychology rely on?

Answer 35

Scientific methods, such as lab studies ## Footnote These methods are used to investigate theories in a controlled and unbiased way.

Question 36

What does the success of psychology as a scientific discipline suggest?

Answer 36

Psychology has established itself as a scientific discipline throughout the 20th century and beyond.

Question 37

What is a limitation of psychology regarding the methods used?

Answer 37

Not all approaches use objective methods.

Question 38

Which approach in psychology rejects the scientific approach?

Answer 38

The humanistic approach ## Footnote This approach focuses on individual experiences and subjective experience.

Question 39

What method does the psychodynamic approach use that limits its objectivity?

Answer 39

The case study method ## Footnote This method does not use representative samples.

Question 40

What is a challenge in studying human beings in psychology?

Answer 40

Human beings are active participants in research, responding to demand characteristics.

Question 41

True or False: A scientific approach to studying human thought and experience is always desirable.

Answer 41

False ## Footnote A scientific approach may not always be desirable or possible.

Question 42

What is introspection?

Answer 42

The first systematic experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations. ## Footnote Introspection was a key method in early psychological research.

Question 43

Define psychology.

Answer 43

The scientific study of the mind, behaviour and experience. ## Footnote Psychology encompasses a variety of subfields, including clinical, cognitive, and social psychology.

Question 44

What is science?

Answer 44

A means of acquiring knowledge through systematic and objective investigation. The aim is to discover general laws. ## Footnote Science relies on empirical evidence and experimentation.