Origins Of The Cpp Flashcards
What was the may fourth movement (may 4 1919)
- provoked by the decision of the peacemakers in Versailles to leave in Japanese hands the former concessions in shandong
- 3000 students in Beida and other Beijing institutions to hold mass demonstrations at the tiananmen (gateway to the palace)
- they burned the house of a pro-Japanese cabinet minister
- attacks on students
- student strike; sent telegrams to other students
- boycott of Japanese goods and clashes with Japanese residents
- strikes in recently made labour unions = broadest demonstration of national feeling china had ever seen
- movement was led by intellectuals who brought new cultural ideas of science and democracy and the new patriotism into a common focus
Origins of the CCP
- most new culture liberals aimed to stay outside of politics a whilst others were drawn into the search for a new state power.
-they committed themselves to the age old effort to create a new government - wanted to bring china unity, social order, wealth, and power
- political activist like Chen Duxiu and Zhang Guotao joined in forming the CCP
- early 1900s Marxism in china was preceded by interest in anarchism
- soviet revolution brought Leninism after 1917
- Chinese students in Paris and Tokyo were attracted to denouncing authorities (government, nations, militarism)
- Li Dazhao one of two founders of the CCP (enthusiast of Marxist theory)
- founding of CCP owed most to Chen and Comintern
- Chen was imprisoned for three months during 1919
Who was sun yatsen
- provisional first president of the republic of china
- first leader of the GMD
- referred to as the “father of the nation” in Taiwanese
- widely revered
What was jiang jieshi launch the northern expedition 1926?
Aims:
- breaking of the warlords
- (undeclared) destroying his allies in the united front (communist)
When did the first united front take place
1922
Why did the first united front take place
- forced CCP into KMT
- CCP was too weak
- ussr funded schools (military academy) forced CCP
- gmd declared they wanted to unite china
- America and England didn’t want to help (ussr not first choice)
What did jiang do in 1927 after he believed the warlords had been beaten?
- purge of communist sympathisers
- (1926) dismissed CCP officials from their posts in the GMD
- arrested several Comintern adviser
- removed Wang Jingwei from office (competitor)
- ‘white terror’ in Shanghai (April 1927)
How did the Chinese communist react?
- slowly
- majority were still in thrall with Comintern who believed the united front must be maintained
Why did jiang attack shanghai in April 1927
Shanghai had witnessed growth of powerful trade union movement under Zhou Enlai
Formation of a workers army had undermined local warlords attempt to prevent Jiang advancement of nationalist forces
What happened during the Shanghai massacre?
- Jiang turned savagely on the people who had before given him a hero’s welcome
- Jiang was backed by Shanghai’s industrialists, and merchants, (eager to crush trade unions), those living in international settlements (fearful of anti-foreigner protests)
- dragged 5000 communists and sympathisers and executed them (shooting or beheading)
- similar actions were taken in other cities (Guangzhou)
Autumn harvest rising sept 1927
- led by mao in hunan
- more than a military actions
- defiant of Moscow orders (maintain united front)
- Mao signed a statement condemning Jiang for betraying sun yatsen memory for destroying the revolutionary alliance
What happened after the failures of the autumn harvest rising
- other campaigns of CCP failed
- Comintern orders were rejected
- fled to mountains of the jiangxi province
- Mao led the breakaway
- next 7 years remnants of the CCP engaged in Jiangxi to survive
When did Jiang declare that the northern expedition could be declared completed
July 1928
Why was the defeat (June 1028) of warlords only partial
-not all warlords crushed
- number of the agreed to accept GMD authority on the condition they kept their private armies
- others were won over by being offered positions in the GMD party
What did Jiang relative weakness result in?
- prevented him from full control over china
- intensified his determination to destroy the communist
