Ortho

Question 1

chondral fracture

Answer 1

articular cartilage

Question 2

transchondral fracture

Answer 2

bone and transverse the articular cartilage

Question 3

osteochondral fracture

Answer 3

both the bone and articular cartilage

Question 4

3 aspects of displacement

Answer 4

Translation
Angulation
Rotation

Question 5

Translation

Answer 5

draw line down center of bone - not continuous at the fracture site
direction of translation of distal fragment compared to proximal
described as %

Question 6

Angulation

Answer 6

line drawn down center of bone angled at fracture
direction of angulation of distal fragment compared to proximal
described in degrees

Question 7

Rotation

Answer 7

turning of the distal fracture fragment in relation to proximal portion
orientation of joints above and below fracture

Question 8

Distraction

Answer 8

fractures seperated by a gap with no overlap

common in transverse fractures from a tension force- pulls or stretches two objects apart

Question 9

Dislocation

Answer 9

joint out of articular capsule

Question 10

Subluxation

Answer 10

joint goes out of capsule but comes back in

Question 11

Impaction

Answer 11

wedged into each other

stable fracture

Question 12

Avulsion

Answer 12

Caused by abnormal tensile stress on ligaments or tendons

Typical locations - hands, feet, pelvis

Question 13

Transverse Fracture

Answer 13

perpendicular to the long axis of the bone
commonly from direct force, or tension force
common in forearm/leg - often stable

Question 14

Oblique Fracture

Answer 14

Commonly Indirect force
compression + angulation = shear force
Inherently unstable, repaired in OR

Question 15

Spiral Fracture

Answer 15

twisting movement through the long bone axis
rotations/shear force
inherently unstable, repaired in OR
very uncommon

Question 16

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 16

> 2 fracture fragments

unstable, repaired in OR

Question 17

Minimal Comminuted Fracture

Answer 17

small fx fragments next to larger fx line

Question 18

Moderate to Severe Comminuted Fracture

Answer 18

several large fx fragments

Question 19

Butterfly Fragment

Answer 19

indirect force

bending of the bone with tension vector on the convex side and compression vector on the concave side

Question 20

Butterfly Fragment location on bone

Answer 20

produced along the concave, compression side

Question 21

Butterfly Fragment is subtype of which fracture

Answer 21

Comminuted fracture

Question 22

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 22

Incomplete fracture of long bone
bending force applied perpendicular to shaft
Incomplete fracture on convex cortex, concave cortex becomes bent, but without visible crack

Question 23

Buckle Fracture =

Answer 23

Torus Fracture

Question 24

Buckle Fracture

Answer 24

incomplete fracture
metaphyseal diaphyseal junction after FOOSH
Very stable

Question 25

AC joint

Answer 25

AP w/ weights | AP w/o weights

Question 26

Chest

Answer 26

PA | Lateral (full inspiration)

Question 27

Clavicle

Answer 27

AP | Axial (20 degree cephalad AKA tube tilted 20 degrees towards head)

Question 28

Humerus

Answer 28

AP Lateral Possibly Grashey

Question 29

Ribs

Answer 29

AP Oblique - upper ribs: inspiration - lower ribs: expiration

Question 30

SC Joint

Answer 30

AP | Oblique (bilateral)

Question 31

Proximal Humerus Fracture

Answer 31

Unstable ORIF Anterior dislocation is most common

Question 32

Elbow

Answer 32

AP External Oblique Lateral

Question 33

Fingers

Answer 33

AP Oblique of hand Lateral of effected finger

Question 34

Hand

Answer 34

AP Oblique Lateral

Question 35

Thumb

Answer 35

AP Oblique lateral

Question 36

Wrist

Answer 36

AP | Oblique

Question 37

Forearm

Answer 37

AP | Lateral

Question 38

Radial Head Fracture

Answer 38

Note anterior fat pad sign

Question 39

Nightstick Fracture

Answer 39

direct force of forearm | protective injury

Question 40

Colles Fracture

Answer 40

Common of distal radius Result of FOOSH Extra-articular

Question 41

Metacarpal Fracuter

Answer 41

10% of all fractures, 40% of had fractures 5th metacarpal - 25% of all metacarpal fxs usu direct trauma, can be indirect

Question 42

Hip

Answer 42

``` AP pelvis Frog lateral (legs in diamond while laying down) ```

Question 43

Ankle

Answer 43

Ap Mortise (internal rotation of leg 15/20 degree, intermalleolar line parallel to detector Lateral

Question 44

Femur

Answer 44

AP | Lateral

Question 45

Foot

Answer 45

AP Oblique Lateral

Question 46

Knee

Answer 46

``` < 40 y/o -AP -Lateral -Tunnel - Sunrise > 40 y/o - PA, bilateral, weight bearing (AKA30 degree PA flexed view) - Bilateral tunnel -Bilateral sunrise - lateral affected knee ```

Question 47

Tib-Fib

Answer 47

AP | Lateral

Question 48

Heel

Answer 48

Axial | Lateral Calcaneus

Question 49

CT > X-ray

Answer 49

subtle fractures articular extension of fracture presence of articular step-off/gap

Question 50

MRI

Answer 50

``` soft tissue eval Diagnosis of occult fractures Associated ligament or articular cartilage injury Modality of choice: - disc herniation - internal derangement of joints ```

Question 51

Ultrasound

Answer 51

trauma - assess soft tissue injury

Question 52

Bone Scan

Answer 52

metastases Stress fractures insufficiency fractures

Question 53

Four rotator cuff muscles

Answer 53

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis

Question 54

Suprspinatus

Answer 54

initiates and acts throughout abduction cycle | most commonly torn

Question 55

Infraspinatus

Answer 55

ER with arm in neutral

Question 56

Teres minor

Answer 56

ER in 90 degrees of abduction

Question 57

Subscapularis

Answer 57

main internal rotator of the shoulder

Question 58

Proximal Humerus Blood Supply

Answer 58

2 branches of the axillary artery - anterior humeral circumflex artery - posterior humeral circumflex artery

Question 59

Shoulder

Answer 59

AP Grashey Y-Scapular view