Ortho - Lower Limb

Question 1

common sites of bursitis?

Answer 1

trochanter
knee
elbow

Question 2

what causes bursitis?

Answer 2

repeated movements/stress

e.g on knees cleaning

Question 3

features of bursitis?

Answer 3

pain
tender
trochanter pain on resisted abduction

Question 4

Tx for bursitis?

Answer 4

NSAIDs
physio
steroid injections

Question 5

what way does the patella most commonly dislocate?

Answer 5

laterally

Question 6

function of the ACL?

Answer 6

prevents IR of the tibia

Question 7

function of the PCL?

Answer 7

prevents hyperextension

Question 8

function of the MCL?

Answer 8

resist valgus (knockknee) force

Question 9

function of the LCL?

Answer 9

resists varus (medial) force
external rotation of the tibia

Question 10

how does injury to the ACL result?

Answer 10

rotation on a planted foot

Question 11

how does injury to the PCL result?

Answer 11

hyperextension

blow from behind to a flexed knee

Question 12

how does injury to the MCL result?

Answer 12

side tackle

Question 13

how does injury to the LCL result?

Answer 13

force to inside of knee (pushing outward)

Question 14

features of an ACL injury?

Answer 14

pop
haemarthroses
rotational instability

Question 15

what is there risk of in an LCL injury?

Answer 15

peroneal and vascular injury

supplies anterior and lateral compartments

Question 16

Ix for a knee ligament injury?

Answer 16

MRI

Question 17

features of a meniscal tear?

Answer 17

twisting force
localised pain to joint line
effusion
locking

Question 18

what happens in a bucket handle tear?

Answer 18

fragment flips and displaces into the intercondylar notch

Question 19

who gets meniscal surgery?

Answer 19

young

pain not subsiding after 3 months

Question 20

what ligament tear is associated with meniscal injury? what meniscus is more commonly affected?

Answer 20

ACL

medial

Question 21

risk factors for achilles tendonitis?

Answer 21

RA
quinolone use e.g cipro
gout
inflam conditions

Question 22

features of achilles rupture?

Answer 22

pain
cant weight bear
weak plantar flex
visible gap

Question 23

what test can be done for achilles rupture?

Answer 23

simmond’s

squeeze calf, no plantarflexion

Question 24

Tx for achilles rupture?

Answer 24

casting or surgery

Question 25

what is hallux valgus?

Answer 25

medial deviation of 1st toe and lateral deviation of great toe

Question 26

what is a bunion? Tx?

Answer 26

inflamed bursa on the 1st metatarsal head | better shoes

Question 27

what is hallux rigidus?

Answer 27

OA of the first MTP

Question 28

what is pes cavus? | association?

Answer 28

high foot arch NM conditions (polio, cerebral palsy, spina bifida)

Question 29

what is pes planus?

Answer 29

medial arch fails to develop in childhood

Question 30

features of plantar fasciitis?

Answer 30

pain on instep sore heel tender

Question 31

Tx for plantar fasciitis?

Answer 31

rest stretching gel pad insoles

Question 32

what occurs in a morton's neuroma?

Answer 32

plantar interdigital nerves subject to trauma | neuroma forms

Question 33

risk factors for morton's neuroma?

Answer 33

women | high heels

Question 34

features of a morton's neuroma?

Answer 34

``` 3rd interspace affected loss of sensation squeezing causes clicks feeling of stone stuck shooting/stabbing/burning ```

Question 35

Ix and Tx for morton's neuroma?

Answer 35

US padding ice pack/analgesia