s and z problem= lisp anterior open bite and gap between incisors

primary malocclusion dentition flush terminal plane= distal step= mesial step=

based on relationship of DISTAL surfaces of the 2nd molars flush terminal plane= distal surfaces same distal step= MN distal to MX (class 2) mesial step= MN distal surface is mesial to MX (class

What do they DEVELOPE into? flush terminal plane= distal step= mesial step=

flush terminal plane= end to end or class 1 distal step= class 2 mesial step= class 3 or class 1

normalface = mesofacial long face= dolicho facial short face = brachyfacial mesognathic= striahgt jaws prognathic= MN protruded compared to MX (class 3) retronathic= MN retruded compared to MX (class 2)

straight= glabella, subnasale and pogonion in line convex= Sn anterior to G and Pg cancave= Sn posterior to G and Pg

Ortho midterm Flashcards by Rebecca Beckler

sibilant sounds

s and z

problem= lisp
anterior open bite and gap between incisors

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labiodental fricatives

f and v

problem= distortion
skeletal class 3

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lingudental fricatives

th, sh, and ch

problem= distortion
anterior open bite

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angle classification

1= MB cusp of MX 1M in MB groove of MN 1M

2= MB cusp of MX 1M anterior to MB groove of MN 1M
div 1- incisors proclined
div 2- incisors retroclined

3= MB cusp is posterior

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Lischer classification
what are the 3 normal ones?

axiversion=
toriservion=
transverse=

nuetrocclusion= normal class 1 position

distocclusion= MN teeth distal to normal (class 2)

mesiocclusion= MN teeth mesial to normal (class 3)

linguoversion and labio/buccoversion

infraversion and supraversion

axiversion= tipped along axis
toriservion= twisted along axis
transverse= incorrect position in arch

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primary malocclusion dentition

flush terminal plane=
distal step=
mesial step=

based on relationship of DISTAL surfaces of the 2nd molars

flush terminal plane= distal surfaces same
distal step= MN distal to MX (class 2)
mesial step= MN distal surface is mesial to MX (class

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What do they DEVELOPE into?

flush terminal plane=
distal step=
mesial step=

flush terminal plane= end to end or class 1
distal step= class 2
mesial step= class 3 or class 1

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incidence vs prevalence

incidence= # of new cases
prevalence= # over a period of time

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facial types

normalface = mesofacial
long face= dolicho facial
short face = brachyfacial
mesognathic= striahgt jaws
prognathic= MN protruded compared to MX (class 3)
retronathic= MN retruded compared to MX (class 2)

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profile types

straight= glabella, subnasale and pogonion in line
convex= Sn anterior to G and Pg
cancave= Sn posterior to G and Pg

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facial divergence

anterior= lower face slants anterior

posterior= lower face slants posterior

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vertical proportions

* normalface = mesofacial
     normal
* long face= dolicho facial
     high MN, weak muscles, anterior bite
*short face = brachyfacial
     low MN angle, strong muscles

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line of harmony

supraorbital ridge (glabella)
middle of ala of nose
chin (pg)

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esthetic plane or E plane or ricketts plane

tip of nose
tip of chin
position of UL (4mm) and LL (2mm) from E plane

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Ideal nasolabial angle?

men= 93-98
** increases with age
women= 95-100

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cleidocranial dysplasia? genes?

Runx2 and Cbfa1

no clavicle
failure to shed baby teeth
delayed eruption of perm teeth
multiple supernumerary teeth

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1) growth centers
2) growth sites
3) modeling
4) remodeling

1) location at which independent growth occurs (epiphyseal plates)
2) growth occurs (sutures)
3) bone size and shape can be changed
4) resorption by osteoclasts and apposition by osteoblasts

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important hormones for bone remodeling?

OPG and RANKL

both reliesed from stromal cell/osteoblast
share the same receptor
OPG stops reorption and RANKL causes it

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compressive LOAD vs tensile strain

compressive load produces bone resorption (catabolic)

tensile strain leads to bone apposition (anabolic)

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explain the 3 techniques to calculate crowding?

1) wire technique= bend wire and measure
2) segmental length= meaure 4 segments of arch
3) eyeball

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measurements and what to do for no, mild, moderate and severe crowding

Study These Flashcards

none- no txt
mild (1-3mm)- space maintainer, may need txt later
moderate (4-6mm)- space maintainer, refer
severe (7mm or more)- extractions

the size of ________ can predict the size of the unerupted permanent canines and PMs

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permanent mandibular incisors

tanaka-johnson technique

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sum of 4 perm MN incisors
* MN= sum/2 + 10.5
*MX= sum/2 + 11
THIS IS FOR 1 quadrant! need to double for arch!

moyer’s technique

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sum of 4 perm MN incisors

*use table to predict space needed for both PMs and canine on each side

crowding is also known as?

tooth size - arch length discrepancy

true TSALD vs environmental? most common?

true= teeth to large enviro= caries (most common) trauma or malposition/eruption discrepancy

space maintainance for MX vs MN?

``` MX= band and loop and NANCE MN= band and loop and LOWER lingual holding arch ```

7 reasons mixed dentition should be txted?

1) functional habits 2) crossbites 3) psycho-social reasons 4) risk of trauma 5) habit reminder 6) ectopically erupting teeth 7) severe crowding needing series of extractions

why mixed dentition shouldn't be treated?

``` class 3 skeletin cost/benefit cannot bevalidated ```

space availble vs space required

available= distal of first molar to distal of first molar required= M-D width of teeth 6-6

bolten discrepnacy of ___ is not significant?

1.5mm or less

bolton overall analysis vs anterior analysis? RATIOS and what they MEAN!!!! equation????

= (sum of MN/sum of MX)x100 overall= first molar to first molar * <91.3 MN larger than MX * >91.3 MX is larger anterior= canine to canine * <77.2 MN teeth are larger * >77.2 MX larger

cranial base bones?

ethmoid sphenoid basioccipital

nasal capsule bones?

ethmoid inferior concha nasal septum

what happens in 4th month in-utero?

Ingrowth of vascular elements and appearance of centers of ossification

intra-membranous ossification and examples

secretion of bone matrix directly within mesenchymal condensation, without any intermediate formation of cartilage ** vault of skull, MN and MX

craniosynostosis

premature fusion of cranial sutures

craniometry vs anthropemetry

craniometry- precise measurement of dry skull * cross sectional data anthropometry- measurements of skeletal dimensions in living subjects with soft TISSUE * longitudinal data aka FARKAS anthropometric studies

vital staining and examples

dyes that stain mineralizing tissue are injected into animal and later observed in bone/teeth once sacrificed * tetracycline (yellow) * calcein (green) * alizarin red * lead acetate * xylenol (orange) * demeclocline (gold)

gamma emitting isotope is used to detect areas of?

rapid bone growth | * useful in diagnosis of localized growth problems

autoradiography uses what in medium?

C-proline and H-thymidine

implant radiography

superimposing cephalometric radiographs on the implanted pins allows precise observation of BOTH 1) changes in the position of one bone relative to another and 2) changes in the external contours of individual bones

all tissue of face and neck originate from?

ectoderm (ectomesenchyme) that comes from nueral crest cells

what drugs can affect the formation and migration of nueral crest cells?

thalidomide and isotretinion

fate of meckel's cartilage

malleus, incus sphenomandibular ligament anterior malleolar liagment

primary vs secondary jaw joint

primary * meckel's cartilage ends at malleus * early jiont b/w malleus and incus * exists for 4 months secondary * begins at 3 months * two mesenchymal condensation: 1) temporal blastema appears first, ossifies first 2) condylar - which becomes cartilage

prenatal development of mandible

1) intramembranous ossification lateral to Meckel's cartilage 2) center of ossification: appears at 6 weeks IU at bifurcation of inferior alveolar nerve

prenatal development of maxilla

1) intramem ossification (NO CARTILAGE) 2) 7 weeks IU 3) ossification center located at division nof superior dental nerve from inferior orbital nerve

malar cartilage is what and does what?

secondary cartilage that contributes to the development of maxialla

MX sinus begins forming when?

16 week in utero

3 branches of ortho

preventative interceptive corrective

potential undesirable effects of ortho?

1) compromised oral hygeine * caries and soft tissue probs 2) decalcification 3) root resorption

Ortho midterm Flashcards

(52 cards)