Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med School Finals > Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Rotator cuff muscles (SITS) and function?

A

Supraspinatus
→ abduction
Infraspinatus
→ external rotation
Teres minor
→ adduction and external rotation
Subscapularis
→ adduction and internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Features of a rotator cuff injury?

A

Painful arc (60°-120°)
Muscle weakness
Tender anterior acromion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Axillary nerve roots, motor function and common mechanism of injury?

A

C5, C6
Shoulder abduction
Humeral neck fracture or anterior dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Radial nerve roots, motor function and common mechanism of injury?

A

C5-T1
Arm extension
Humeral midshaft fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Median nerve roots, motor function and common mechanism of injury?

A

C6-T1
LOAF muscles
Wrist lesion e.g. fracture, carpal tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LOAF muscles?

A

Lateral two lumbricals
Opponens pollis
Abductor pollis brevis
Flexor pollis brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ulnar nerve roots, motor function and common mechanism of injury?

A

C8-T1
Intrinsic hand muscles except LOAF, wrist flexion
Medial epicondyle fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Long thoracic nerve roots, motor function and common mechanism of injury?

A

C5-C7
Serratus anterior
Chest trauma, mastectomy complication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nerve affected in wrist drop vs claw hand vs winged scapula?

A

Wrist drop = radial
Claw hand = ulnar
Winged scapula = long thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Colles’ fracture features and mechanism?

A

A “dinner fork” deformity
Transverse fracture of the radius
Dorsal (posterior) displacement
Mechanism = FOOSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Smith’s (reverse Colles’) fracture features and mechanism?

A

A “garden spade” deformity
Transverse fracture of the radius
Volar (anterior) displacement
Mechanism = FOOSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bennet’s fracture feature and management?

A

Intra-articular fracture of the thumb base
Management = casting (stable), ORIF (unstable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Galeazzi fracture features and mechanism?

A

GRUsome MURder
Distal radial fracture
Dislocated ulnar head
Mechanism = FOOSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monteggia’s fracture features and mechanism?

A

GRUsome MURder
Proximal ulnar fracture
Dislocated radial head
Mechanism = FOOSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Feature and management of scaphoid fracture?

A

Pain in the anatomical snuffbox
Management = splint + fracture clinic review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List some paediatric fractures?

A

Buckle fracture
Greenstick fracture
Salter-Harris (growth plate) fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

General fracture management?

A

Reduce, immobilise, rehabilitation:
Reduce = manual, closed, ORIF
→ only required if displaced or angulated
Immobilise = casting, splinting, K-wires, screws
Rehabilitation = movement as early as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Features and management of compartment syndrome?

A

Disproportionately severe pain
Pallor, pulseless, paralysis
PMH limb trauma
Management = fasciotomy + analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Features and management of Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Fixed flexion of the fingers
Ring and pinky most affected
Management = physiotherapy, fasciectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Features and management of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Tingling/numb thumb, index and middle digit
Thenar eminence wasting
Tinel’s and Phalen’s test +ve
Management = conservative and steroid injection (mild-moderate), surgical decompression (severe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is surgical decompression of the median nerve achieved?

A

Division of the flexor retinaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Features and management of cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

Tingling/numb ring and pinky digit
Worse leaning on affected elbow
Management = conservative and steroid injection (mild-moderate), surgical decompression (severe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Features and management of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

A

Pain at the thumb base
Tender radial styloid process
Finkelstein’s and Eichhoff’s test +ve
Management = conservative and steroid injection (mild-moderate), surgery (severe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Features and management of trigger finger?

A

Stiffness and snapping when extending digit
Nodule at the base of affected finger
Management = conservative and steroid injection (mild-moderate), surgery (severe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Features and management of a ganglion?
Firm, well-defined mass that transilluminates Management = usually self-resolving, surgery if persistent or neurovascular complications
26
Features and management of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?
Tenderness over lateral epicondyle Worse on resisted wrist extension and forearm supination Management = conservative, steroid injection, physiotherapy
27
Features and management of medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)?
Tenderness over medial epicondyle Worse on wrist flexion and forearm pronation Management = conservative, steroid injection, physiotherapy
28
Groups with higher risk of adhesive capsulitis?
Diabetics Middle-aged women
29
Features and management of adhesive capsulitis?
Painful → stiff shoulder Worse on external rotation Reduced active and passive movement Management = conservative, steroid injection, physiotherapy
30
Most common type of shoulder dislocation?
Anterior (> 95%)
31
Management of shoulder dislocation?
Reduction +/- analgesia or sedation Sling immobilisation
32
Loss of sensation over the "regimental badge" area following an anterior shoulder dislocation?
Axillary nerve damage
33
Red flags for lower back pain?
Age < 20 or > 50 PMH malignancy Thoracic pain Night pain PMH spine trauma Systemically unwell e.g. fever
34
Investigation and management of lower back pain?
Investigation = clinical diagnosis or MRI Management = NSAID (1st line)
35
Features and management of lumbar spinal stenosis?
Back and leg pain/weakness Relieved by sitting down or leaning forward Management = laminectomy
36
Spondylolysis vs spondylolithesis?
Spondylolysis = fracture of the pars interarticularis Spondylolithesis = anterior slipping of a verterbra
37
Typical level of disc prolapse in cauda equina syndrome?
L4/L5 or L5/S1
38
Features, investigation and management of cauda equina syndrome?
Back pain Bilateral sciatica Decreased anal tone Urinary dysfunction (late sign) Investigation = whole spine MRI Management = surgical decompression
39
Management of a prolapsed disc?
1st line = analgesia e.g. NSAIDs 2nd line = neurosurgery referral if persistent after 4-6 weeks
40
Investigation for osteoporotic vertebral fracture?
1st line = X-ray
41
Most common cause of osteomyelitis in normal adults vs sickle cell patients?
Normal = staphylococcus aureus Sickle cell = salmonella
42
Features, investigations and management of osteomyelitis?
Generally unwell e.g. fever Pain and erythema at affected site Persistently draining wound Investigations = MRI, bone biopsy Management = IV antibiotics + surgical debridement
43
Most common type of hip dislocation?
Posterior (~90%)
44
Features and management of posterior vs anterior hip dislocation?
Posterior = leg shortened and internally rotated Anterior = leg not shortened and externally rotated Management = surgical reduction within 4 hours
45
Features of a hip fracture?
Leg shortened and externally rotated
46
Anatomy of intracapsular vs extracapsular hip fractures?
Intracapsular = femoral neck or femoral head Extracapsular = trochanteric or subtrochanteric
47
Management of intracapsular hip fracture?
Undisplaced = internal fixation Displaced = THR (young) or hemiarthroplasty (old)
48
Most common cause of a THR revision?
Aseptic loosening of the implant
49
Management of extracapsular hip fracture?
Trochanteric = dynamic hip screw Subtrochanteric = intramedullary device
50
Sensation of hip snapping +/- locking when walking?
Acetabular labral tear
51
Pain over the lateral hip and Trendelenberg +ve?
Trochanteric bursitis
52
Burning sensation over lateral thigh?
Meralgia paraesthetica (lateral cutaneous nerve damage)
53
Anterior knee pain in adolescents?
Osgood-schlatter's disease
54
Lateral knee pain in a runner?
Iliotibial (IT) band syndrome
55
Mechanism of ACL vs PCL vs MCL rupture?
ACL = twisting force on bent knee or rapid deceleration PCL = knee hyperextension MCL = lateral impact
56
Features of an ACL rupture?
Sudden painful "pop" Rapid swelling Joint line tenderness Anterior drawer and Lachman +ve
57
Unhappy triad?
ACL rupture MCL rupture Meniscal tear
58
Features of a meniscal tear?
Rotational force injury Delayed knee swelling Joint locking and "giving way" Tenderness along joint line Recurrent effusion and pain
59
Investigation and management of ligament or meniscal damage?
Knee MRI, arthroscopy Management = RICE, physiotherapy, surgery
60
Management of patellar fracture?
Undisplaced + intact extensor mechanism = knee brace for 6 weeks Displaced +/- damaged extensor mechanism = surgery + knee brace for 6 weeks
61
Features of L3 vs L4 lesion?
L3 = sensory loss anterior thigh, weak hip adduction, weak knee extension, reduced knee reflex L4 = sensory loss anterior knee, weak hip adduction, weak knee extension, reduced knee reflex
62
Features of L5 vs S1 lesion?
L5 = sensory loss on dorsum of foot, weak foot dorsiflexion, weak big toe dorsiflexion, ankle reflex intact S1 = sensory loss posterior leg, weak plantar flexion, reduced ankle reflex
63
Examination technique for suspected Achilles rupture?
Simmond's triad: → angle of declination → palpation for gap → calf squeeze
64
Imaging used to diagnose Achilles rupture?
USS
65
Ottawa rules for ankle injury?
Only x-ray if pain in the malleolar zone and: → tenderness at lateral malleolus or → tenderness at medial malleolus or → inability to walk 4 steps
66
Most common type of ankle sprain?
Anterior talofibular liagment (ATFL)
67
Foot drop sign?
Common peroneal nerve damage
68
Bone tumour with "soap bubble" x-ray appearance?
Giant cell tumour
69
Bone tumour with Codman triangle or "sunburst pattern" x-ray appearance?
Osteosarcoma
70
Bone tumour with "onion skin" x-ray appearance?
Ewing's sarcoma

Med School Finals (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions