Orthopedic surgery Flashcards
(32 cards)
Closed fracture =
no communication with external environment
Open fracture =
communication of fracture site with external environment
Why is a backslab cast initially applied?
to allow room for swelling
Management of compartment syndrome?
- remove all circumferential dressings
- maintain normal pressure (avoid hypotension)
- if it doesnt resolve in 30 minutes - > fasciotomy
How is compartment syndrome diagnosed?
- clinica diagnosis
- measurement of compartment for unconscious patients
surgical fasciotomy of compartment syndrome should be done within ____ of diagnosis
1 hour
factors that adversely affect fracture healing?
- age
- poor nutrition
- smoking
- drugs
- degree of local trauma
- infection
- inadequate reduction and immobilization
- location of fracture
what is a colles fracture?
distal radius fracture from falling on outstretched wrist
what is a smith fracture?
distal radius fracture from falling on a flexed wrist, supinated forearm
complications of a radial fracture?
- median nerve injury
- misalignment/malunion
- postraumatic osteoarthritis
- tendon rupture - most commonly extensor pollicis longus
- complex regional pain syndrome
how to treat a clavicular fracture of the middle third?
- treat conservatively with broad arm sling
- ORIF for open fractures, skin tenting, neurovascular injury, significant displacement/shortening
how to treat a clavicular fracture in the lateral third of the clavicle?
- Non displaced: sling
- Displaced: ORIF
What is the name of the system used to classify intracapsular femur fractures?
Garden
Garden I fracture?
Incomplete, non displaced fracture of femoral neck
Garden II fracture?
Complete, non displaced fracture of femoral neck
Garden III fracture?
Complete fracture, partially displaced
Garden IV fracture?
Complete fracture, fully displaced
Treatment of garden III fracture?
Hemiarthroplasty or total arthroplasty recommended due to risk of avascular necrosis
Treatment of garden IV fracture?
Hemiarthroplasty or total arthroplasty recommended due to risk of avascular necrosis
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis is due to instability of…
the proximal femoral growth plate
Management of Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
- non weightbearing status
- surgical fixation
What is a maisonneuve fracture?
-medial malleolar fracture OR deltoid ligament rupture AND fracture of proximal third of fibula
why is the tibia a common site for open fractures?
because the bone is just below the skin
Management of open fractures?
- check neurovascular status
- reduce fracture and recheck neurovascular status
- clean off gross contamination
- put dressing on wound
- splint
- give IV antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis
