Renal for mock OSCE Flashcards
(16 cards)
causes of prerenal injury
hypovolemia sepsis ccf renal artery stenosis ACE inhibitors
causes of renal injury
Ischemia toxins glomeruloneprhitis interstitial nephritis hepatorenal syndrome HUS/TTP
causes of post-renal injury
stone tumour prostate blocked catheter vesicoutereral reflex
what is an acute kidney injury
an acute decline in renal function leading to a rise in serum creatinine and or a fall in urine output
which bloods to get for AKI?
ABG - lactate, pH FBC - platelets, WCC U & E - creatinine, potassium Osmolality Glomerulonephritis screen - C3/C4 levels, electrophoresis, antibodies, ASOT
Which investigations in the urine, for AKI ?
nitrites, leukocytes, proteinuria, heamaturia, osmolality,
Imaging for AKI
renal US - hydronephrosis
why might you get an ECG in the setting of AKI?
a fib - > increased risk of ischemia
indications for starting renal replacement therapy?
- pH < 7.1
- electrolyte imbalance with K > 7 or intractable hyperkalemia with ECG changes
- Intoxication - poisons
- Overload (fluid)
- Ureamia symptoms - encephalopathy or pericarditis
kidney transplant requires lifelong therapy with…
calcineurin inhibitors
antimetabolites
steroids
whats an uncomplicated UTI ?
absence of flank pain
systemically well
cystitis
whats a complicated UTI?
- systemically unwell/signs of SIRS
- catheter associated
- long-term care residency
- Urinary tract abnormalities
- immunosuppressed
advice to prevent UTIs?
- adequate hydration
- avoid constipation
- practice good hygeine
- voiding after sexual intercourse
indications for hospitalization in complication UTI
- inability to intake adequate fluids or oral antibiotics
- pregnant or pyrexial
- signs of sepsis
- immunocompromised
inpatient anitbiotics for UTI?
IV- co amoxiclav + IV gentamicin
outpatient antibiotics for UTI?
ciprofloxacin or co-amixoclav
