Orthopedic Surgery

Question 1

of bones in body

Answer 1

206

Question 2

diarthrotic + example

Answer 2

• freely movable joint
• synovial joints
• shoulder, hip, elbow, knees

Question 3

synarthrotic

Answer 3

• not movable
• fibrous joints
• skull sutures

Question 4

amphiarthrotic

Answer 4

• slightly movable
• cartilagenous joints
• intervertebral disks

Question 5

flexion

Answer 5

bending of joint

Question 6

extension

Answer 6

straightening of a joint

Question 7

supination

Answer 7

pointing upward

Question 8

pronation

Answer 8

pointing downward

Question 9

osteomyelitis

Answer 9

inflammation and infection of bone+marrow

-bacterial, staphylococci

Question 10

avascular necrosis

Answer 10

• destruction and death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply
• head of femur
• alcoholism

Question 11

luxation dislocation

Answer 11

complete dislocation of bone from socket

Question 12

subluxation dislocation

Answer 12

partial separation of bone from socket

Question 13

transverse fracture

Answer 13

fracture line runs at right angle to the longitudinal access of the bone

Question 14

longitudinal fracture

Answer 14

fracture runs along length of the bone

Question 15

oblique fracture

Answer 15

bone is twisted apart (shorter than spiral)

Question 16

spiral fracture

Answer 16

bone is twisted apart (longer than oblique)

Question 17

commuted fracture

Answer 17

bone fragments spinner into more than two pieces

Question 18

compression fracture

Answer 18

one fragment is driven into the other end

Question 19

pathologic fracture

Answer 19

fracture caused by a weakening of a diseased bone

Question 20

avulsion fracture

Answer 20

results in a ligamentous attachment remaining intact

Question 21

stellate fracture

Answer 21

occurs from a central point and radiates outward

Question 22

potts facture

Answer 22

bimalleolar fracture

Question 23

colles fracture

Answer 23

dorsally angulated fracture of distal radius

result of breaking fall with wrist

Question 24

compound fracture

Answer 24

bone penetrates skin

Question 25

greenstick fracture

Answer 25

one side of bone is broken and the other bent

Question 26

5 steps of bone healing | hens fuck only careful reds

Answer 26

- hematoma formation - fibrin network formation - osteoblast invasion - callus formation - remodeling

Question 27

delayed union

Answer 27

increase in healing time - commuted fractures - osteoperosis

Question 28

nonunion

Answer 28

failure of the fractured bones to unite - inadequate immobilization - infection

Question 29

malunion

Answer 29

results in mal aligned reduction which can alter mechanical function of the bone

Question 30

compartment syndrome

Answer 30

increase in pressure within a closed space | -fascia works as tourniquet to damaged, swelling muscles and must be released

Question 31

bone graft: AUTOGRAFT

Answer 31

taken from self

Question 32

bone graft: ALLOGRAFT

Answer 32

taken from someone else

Question 33

intravenous antibiotics often given during orthopedic surgery

Answer 33

cephalosporin

Question 34

cortical screws

Answer 34

tight threads meant for dense bone

Question 35

cancellous screws

Answer 35

loose (spaced out) threads meant for spongy bone

Question 36

traction used for hip fracture?

Answer 36

Bucks

Question 37

traction used for hip dislocation

Answer 37

Russells

Question 38

muscles of the rotator cuff

Answer 38

infraspinatus supraspinatus subscapularis teres minor

Question 39

most frequently used irrigation solution for arthroscopy

Answer 39

lactated ringers solution | *epinephrine may be added to minimize intraoperative bleeding, maximize visualization*

Question 40

putto-platt procedure

Answer 40

tendon of subscapularis cut and reattached to head of humerus - loss of external rotation - humerus tighter to the scapula

Question 41

bristol procedure

Answer 41

area of bicep attachment at top of shoulder joint lowered 5cm reattached to front of scapula -provides excellent stability

Question 42

PMMA

Answer 42

polymethyl methacrylate | -used in older patients with poor bone quality

Question 43

press fit

Answer 43

technique used for young healthy patients with good bone quality

Question 44

femoral head fracture

Answer 44

fracture involving the femoral head

Question 45

intertrochanteric hip fracture

Answer 45

occurs between greater and lesser trochanter of femur

Question 46

subtrochanteric fracture

Answer 46

involves shaft of femur below lesser trochanter

Question 47

what do femoral neck fractures require?

Answer 47

cannulated screw fixation

Question 48

total hip arthroplasty position

Answer 48

lateral w/ affected leg flexed

Question 49

total hip arthroplasty: 2 approaches

Answer 49

- anteriorlateral | - posteriorlateral

Question 50

ideal candidates for non-cemented prosthesis

Answer 50

- pressfit | - young people with healthy bones

Question 51

complications associated with use of PMMA (polymathy methacrylate)

Answer 51

*bone cement implantation syndrome* transitory hypotension cardiac arrest pulmonary embolus

Question 52

IM rod: image intensification

Answer 52

viewing of progression of a procedure confirming fracture reduction or intramedullary reaming on a television screen

Question 53

why has the use of plate and screws for femoral shaft fractures bee disputed? (3)

Answer 53

- implant failure (bent/broken plates) - deep SSI - re-fracture (above or below level of plate)

Question 54

advantages of arthroscopic surgery (3)

Answer 54

- shorter hospital stays - decreased rehabilitation and recovery time - less post operative pain

Question 55

bucket handle meniscal tear is repaired by

Answer 55

meniscectomy

Question 56

terrible triad (mam)

Answer 56

- medial collateral ligament - anterior cruciate ligament - medial meniscus

Question 57

what is a bakers cyst? (2)

Answer 57

- popliteal cyst | - posterior aspect of the knee

Question 58

knee arthroscopy: patient positon

Answer 58

surgeon may drop leg off table to allow for better manipulation during procedure

Question 59

knee arthroscopy: prior to tourniquet inflation leg is exsanguinated by?

Answer 59

wrapping w/ an esmarch

Question 60

what is osteomyelitis?

Answer 60

infection of bone tissue which is most devastating, debilitating and costly complication or oath surgery

Question 61

triple arthrodesis: definition

Answer 61

``` fusion of the... talocalcaneal (TC) talonavicular (TN), callcanecuboid (CC) ...joints in the foot. ```

Question 62

arthrodesis

Answer 62

fusion of joint to prevent movement

Question 63

what is hallux valgus

Answer 63

another name for a Bunion

Question 64

what are 3 goals of bunion surgery

Answer 64

- cosmesis - function - reconstruction

Question 65

what deformity usually accompanies bunions?

Answer 65

hammer toe | -abnormal flexion posture of the proximal interphalangeal joint