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Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What’s the tx for mild fractures without displacement?

A

Closed reduction

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2
Q

What’s the tx for severe fractures with displacement or misalignment?

A

Open reduction and internal fixation

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3
Q

What’s the tx for open fractures?

A

Surgical skin closure, bone setting, and debridement

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4
Q

What’s the most common stress fracture location?

A

Metatarsals

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5
Q

Does xray show stress fracture?

A

No

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6
Q

What might be the dx in an elderly person who gets a rib fracture from coughing?

A

Pathologic fracture (from cancer)

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7
Q

What’s the tx for trigger finger?

A

Steroid shot

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8
Q

ACL tear is usually due to an _____ blow to the knee?

A

Anterior

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9
Q

What’s the dx method for all knee ligament injuries?

A

MRI

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10
Q

What 2 knee injuries are caused by trauma to the opposite side of the injury?

A

MCL and LCL injury

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11
Q

What dx presents with pain with abduction, internal rotation, and overhead activities, and leads to rotator cuff tears?

A

Subacromial impingement syndrome

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12
Q

What dx presents with weakness and pain with abduction and external rotation, can be from FOOSH or chronic impingement?

A

Rotator cuff tear

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13
Q

What’s the most common rotator cuff tear?

A

Supraspinatous (first 15 degrees of abduction)

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14
Q

What dx is associated with the popeye sign?

A

Biceps tendon tear

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15
Q

What dx is associated with restricted shoulder movement in all planes, with risk factors of DM, CVA, hypothyroidism?

A

Adhesive capsulitis

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16
Q

What dx is usually the result of a fall onto the tip of the shoulder and is associated with pain with palpation over the AC joint and on adduction of arm?

A

AC joint separation

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17
Q

What dx is associated with shoulder instability, locking clicking, and also associated with biceps tendon rupture and fatigue, pain, paresthesias in throwing position?

A

Labral tear

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18
Q

What’s the most common type of glenohumoral dislocation?

A

Anterior

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19
Q

How is the arm held in an anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Abducted with external rotation

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20
Q

How is the arm held in a posterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Adducted with internal rotation

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21
Q

How does an AC joint tear present?

A

Pain on crossing arm

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22
Q

How does a subacromial impingement present?

A

Pain on raising arm straight up

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23
Q

What does an empty can test for?

A

Supraspinatus tear

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24
Q

What is the real name for tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

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25
How does lateral epicondylitis present?
Pain over the lateral epicondyle that radiates into forearm and increases with repetitive supination or forearm extension, often causing weakness in grip strength
26
How does medial epicondylitis present?
Pain over the medial epicondyle that increases with valgus stress or pronation motions
27
Mnemonic for lateral epicondylitis pain
"Sup, look at my lats"
28
What dx presents with pain and tenderness over the radial side of the wrist?
DeQuervain Tenosynovitis
29
Which 2 tendons are involved in DeQuervain?
1. Extensor pollicis brevis | 2. Abductor pollicis longus
30
Which dx presents with pain upon flexing thumb into palm, making fist, then deviating wrist ulnarly?
DeQuervain
31
What are 3 causes of DeQuervain?
1. Bowling 2. Holding a baby 3. Texting
32
Which bone is involved in a snuffbox break?
Scaphoid
33
If thumb fracture isn't seen on plain x-ray but is strongly suspected, what's the best plan?
Thumb spica cast for 10-14 days and then repeat x-ray
34
What dx presents with hip and groin pain worsened by activity, relieved by rest, and has specific risk factors such as sickle cell?
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
35
What's the best test for diagnosing avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
MRI
36
What's the tx for avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
Total hip arthroplasty
37
Which knee dx occurs due to hyperflexion, posterior force on a planted leg, or dashboard injury?
PCL
38
Which knee dx occurs due to hyperextension, cutting, and valgus stress on a fixed, planted, and rotated knee?
ACL
39
Which knee dx occurs due to tibial rotation on a fixed and flexed knee?
Medial meniscus
40
Which knee dx presents with lateral knee pain over the Gerdy tubercle where the IT band inserts?
ITBS
41
Which knee dx presents with anterior knee pain under the patella?
Patellofemoral syndrome
42
Which knee dx presents with inferior patellar knee pain and occurs in athletes with jumping sports?
Patellar tendonitis
43
Which is worse in OA of the knee: medial or lateral pain?
Medial
44
McMurray tests for?
Medial meniscus
45
Which knee dx occurs due to squatting with full flexion of the knee and rotation?
Lateral meniscus
46
Which foot dx presents with pain in 2nd metatarsal due to repeated tension?
Stress fracture
47
Which foot dx presents with 5th metatarsal fracture?
Jones fracture
48
Which foot dx presents with numbness and burning pain between 3rd and 4th digits?
Morton neuroma
49
Which foot dx presents with tingling and weakness on the medial side of the sole of the foot?
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
50
Which foot dx presents with a deformity causing pain at the MTP?
Hallux valgus (bunion)
51
Which knee dx presents with sx similar to a DVT and needs US as a first test?
Baker's cyst, Popliteal cyst
52
Which knee dx presents with pain with palpation just distal to medial joint line of the knee?
Pes anserine (bursa)
53
Which knee bursa is due to repetitive kneeling?
Prepatellar bursa (housemaid's knee)
54
Which bursa can be associated with pain over the greater trochanter where the gluteus medius inserts?
Trochanteric bursitis
55
Which bursa causes posterior elbow pain and is often in students leaning their elbow?
Olecranon bursitis
56
Atlantoaxial instability is a common comorbidity of what genetic condition?
Down syndrome
57
What joint instability can cause subluxation, SC injury, and upper motor neuron signs?
Atlantoaxial instability
58
What's the tx for AA instability?
Surgical fusion
59
What dx presents with anterior knee pain in children who are athletic and undergoing a growth spurt?
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
60
What's the best tx for Osgood Schlatter disease?
NSAIDs and patellar strap
61
What dx occurs in children ages 1-5 years because of upward traction on the forearm?
Nursemaid's elbow (radial head subluxation)
62
How do kids hold their arm when they have Nursemaid's elbow?
Pronated
63
How do you reduce a Nursemaid's elbow?
Hyperpronation and/or supination with hyperflexion

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