OS Flashcards
(52 cards)
What do computers require to function?
Programming instructions
Computers cannot operate on their own and need instructions to perform tasks.
What is an operating system?
The interface between the user and the computer
It performs basic tasks and manages hardware and software resources.
List the basic tasks performed by an operating system.
- Recognises input from the keyboard
- Sends output to the display screen
- Keeps track of files and directories on the disk
- Controls peripheral devices such as printers
- Acts as an interface between hardware and user
Name some commonly used operating systems.
- Disk Operating System (DOS)
- MS Windows
- Linux
- Windows NT
- Mac OS
What is booting?
The process that starts the operating system when the computer is turned on
It is a self-starting process.
What are the two types of booting?
- Warm Boot: Restarting while the computer is on
- Cold Boot: Pressing the power button when the computer is off
What is the role of BIOS in the booting process?
Runs the Basic Input/Output System and supports the transfer of information between hardware devices
BIOS is built into a computer’s ROM.
What does POST stand for?
Power-On Self Test
It checks that all components are working properly.
What is the Master Boot Record (MBR)?
Information copied to RAM that loads the operating system files
It is crucial for the booting process.
What functions does an operating system perform?
- Process Management
- Device Management
- Memory Management
- File Management
- Housekeeping
What is process management in an operating system?
Controls and schedules processes for execution
It allocates CPU time to each process to ensure maximum output.
What is device management?
Coordinates and controls input and output devices
It requires device drivers to recognize attached devices.
What does housekeeping include in an operating system?
Services necessary for smooth operation, such as security and backup
It ensures resource accounting and protection.
What is a single-user operating system?
An operating system that allows only one user to work at a time
Examples include Windows and Mac OS.
What is a multi-user operating system?
An operating system that supports multiple users at the same time
Examples include Linux and Unix.
What is the Character User Interface (CUI)?
An interface where the user types commands to perform actions
An example is Disk Operating System.
What is the Graphical User Interface (GUI)?
An interface that provides a graphic environment for user interaction
An example is the Windows operating system.
Why is shutting down an operating system important?
To ensure that operating system files are saved back to the hard disk
Proper shutdown prevents data loss and potential damage.
What happens if a computer is switched off without proper shutdown?
High risk of losing data and potential damage to the operating system.
What is the ‘Sleep’ option in operating systems?
Puts the computer in a low-power state while saving work
It allows resuming from where the user left off.
What is the function of the ‘Sleep’ mode in computers?
Puts the computer in a low-power state and saves any work being done
It allows users to resume work from where it was left off.
What is ‘Hibernate’ in laptops?
‘Hibernate’ is a power-saving mode that keeps active documents and programs running on the hard disk
It allows work to be resumed quickly and enables restoration even in case of power failure.
What is BIOS?
A built-in software into a computer’s RAM
Define Booting.
The process that starts the operating system when the user turns on a computer system.
