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OSI Exam I > OS1 Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

OS1 Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the angles and ROMs for the Lumbar Spine?

A

Flexion ———> 40° - 90°

Extension ——> 20° - 45°

Side-bending –> 15° - 30°

Rotation ——–> 3° - 18°

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2
Q

What are the angles and ROMs for C-Spine?

A

Neck Side-bending –> 20° - 45°

Head Rotation ——-> 70° - 90°

Flexion ————–> 45° - 90°

Extension ————> 45° - 90°

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3
Q

What are the angles and ROMs for the Elbow?

A

Extension ———————> 0° - -5°

Flexion ————————> 140° - 150°

Supination (outward rotation) –> 90°

Pronation ———————-> 90°

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4
Q

What are the angles and ROMs for the Shoulder?

A

Flexion ⬆️ ——————————-> 180°

Extension ⬇️ —————————-> 60°

Horizontal Adduction (across the body) –> 130° - 140°

Horizontal Abduction (away the body) —> 40° - 55°

Internal Rotation ⤵️ ———————> 90°

External Rotation ⤴️ ———————> 90°

Arm Abduction ————————–> 180°

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5
Q

What are the angles and ROMs for the Wrist?

A

Flexion ————> 80° - 90°

Extension ———> 70°

Adduction ——–> 30° - 40°
(wrists inwards)

Abduction ——–> 20° - 30°
(Wrists outwards)

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6
Q

What are the angles and ROMs for the knee?

A

Flexion (kick butt) –> 145° - 150°

Extension ———-> 0°

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7
Q

What are the angles and ROMs for the Ankle?

A

Plantarflexion –> 55° - 65°

Dorisflexion —> 15° - 20°

Inversion ——> 20°

Eversion ——> 10° - 20°

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8
Q

What are the angles and ROM for the Hip?

A

Flexion (w/ knee extended) ————-> 90°
Extension (prone) ———————-> 15° - 30°
Adduction (prone) ———————-> 20° - 30°
Abduction (prone) ———————-> 45° - 50°
Flexion (w/ knee flexed) —————-> 120° - 135°
External Rotation (Knee ➡️) ————> 40° - 60°
Internal Rotation (Knee ⬅️) ————-> 30° - 40°

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9
Q

Who was the first women to receive a DO degree?

A

Dr. Jeanette Bolles

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10
Q

Who wrote a report stating that medical training was not sufficient and caused a major reform resulting in the opening of numerous new medical schools.

A

Abraham Flexner

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11
Q

What year did 3 AT Still children die and his brother became addicted to opioids causing him to start thinking about Osteopathic Medicine?

A

1864

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12
Q

What day and year did AT Still fly his DO banner?

A

June 22, 1874

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13
Q

When did the first osteopathy school open?

A

1892

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14
Q

What year was KCU first established?

A

1916

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15
Q

During What years was the Spanish Flu pandemic prevalent? Why was this noteworthy?

A

1917 - 1918

Profound difference in the outcomes of pts treated by DOs as compared to MDs

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16
Q

In what year could DOs begin serving in the military?

A

1957

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17
Q

What year did the California referendum take place and when was it resolved?

A

1961

1974

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18
Q

What is the first tenet of Osteopathic Medicine?

26, History 1

A

The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit

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19
Q

What is a mesomorphic body type? What is it derived from?

12, critical clinical observation

A

muscular/sturdy body build (average guy)

mid-range ROM

derived from embryonic mesoderm

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20
Q

What is an ectomorphic body type? What is it derived from?

14, critical clinical observation

A

thin body build and linear frame

high-range ROM

dervied from embryonic ectoderm

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21
Q

What is a Endomorphic body type? What is it derived from?

16, critical clinical observation

A

Heavy (fat) body build (obese, increased fatty tissue)

lower ROM

derived from embryonic endoderm

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22
Q

What is the second tenet of Osteopathic Medicine?

28, History 1

A

The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing and health maintenance

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23
Q

What is the third tenet of Osteopathic Medicine?

30, History 1

A

Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated

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24
Q

What is the fourth tenet of Osteopathic Medicine?

32, History 1

A

Rational treatment is based on and understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function

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25
What does TART stand for?
T issue texture changes A symmetry R ange of motino T enderness
26
Differentiate acute vs chronic somatic dysfunction? | 23,24, sd and barriers
Acute: - -> Vasodilation - -> Edema Chronic: - -> Itching - -> Fibrosis - -> Paresthesias
27
How do we name somatic dysfunction?
based off the position of ease
28
When performing Unilateral Forearm Fulcrum Forward Bending how do we stretch the trapezius vs the posterior scalenes? (7, ST MFR Lab)
Trapezius stretch --> head rotated towards elbow Posterior scalenes stretch --> head rotated towards hand
29
What is a physiologic barrier?
Limit of active motion
30
What is an elastic barrier?
The end of the passive ROM, slightly before anatomic barrier
31
What is an anatomical barrier?
Limit imposed by anatomic structure
32
What is a restrictive barrier?
Functional limit that abnormally dismisses the normal physiological range
33
Is a restrictive barrier the same thing as a physiological barrier?
No, there is either a restriction or not If there is a restriction then you will not have a physiologic or anatomical barrier, just the restrictive barrier
34
With regards to the lumbar region, what motion occurs in the mid-saggital plane?
Flexion and Extension
35
With regards to the lumbar region, what motion occurs in the frontal/coronal plane?
side-bending
36
With regards to the lumbar region, what motion occurs in the transverse plane?
rotation
37
What is linkage?
linking of multiple structures together increases their ROM - we don't want this
38
What are the 5 different types of end feel?
Elastic Abrupt Hard Empty Crisp
39
What are examples of an abrupt end feel?
Osteoarthritis or hinge joint
40
What are examples of a hard end feel?
Somatic dysfunction
41
What are examples of an empty end feel?
Motion stops due to guarding | Patient doesn't allow motion due to pain
42
What is an example of a crisp end feel?
Involuntary muscle guarding as is the case with a pinched nerve
43
What is fascia? | 11, ST MFR
a complete system with blood supply, fluid drainage, and innervations
44
What does fascia not include? | 11, ST MFR
Tendons Ligaments Aponeuroses
45
Differentiate stress vs strain | 29, ST MFR
Stress --> the force that attempts to deform a CT structure Strain --> % of deformation of CT
46
What is tissue creep? | 31, ST MFR
CT under a sustained constant load (but below failure) will elongate (deform) in response to that load
47
Which direction is the ease of motion? | 32, ST MFR
The direction in which the connective tissue is most easily moved
48
What is Hooke's Law? | 36. ST MFR
The strain (deformation) placed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress (force) placed upon it
49
What is Wolffs Law? | 37, ST MFR
Bone will develop according to the stresses put on it | also applies to fascia
50
What will be impaired or altered in somatic dysfunction? | 38, ST MFR
Skeletal, arthroidal, or myofascial structures (and their VLN)
51
What is AROM equal to?
Physiological barrier
52
What is PROM equal to?
Anatomic barrier
53
What end feel would you see with a restrictive barrier?
A hard-end feel
54
What occurs in a direct technique?
applied force is done so away from the restrictive barrier
55
What is the common compensatory pattern that 80% of healthy people have? (47, ST MFR)
L - R - L - R
56
What is the uncommmon compensatory pattern that 20 % of healthy have? (47, ST MFR)
R - L - R - L
57
What are the transition zones along the spine? | 50, ST MFR
OA, C1, C2 C7, T1 T12, L1 L5, Sacrum
58
What kind of tissue texture abnormalities might you find during your TART assessment? (57, ST MFR)
``` boggy indurated tense dry dense ```
59
What are the indications for Soft Tissue (ST) | 58, ST MFR
Enhance circulation Provide relaxation Feedback/diagnostics of tissue response for diagnosis by the physician
60
What are relative contraindications of soft tissue technique? (59, ST MFR)
Severe osteoporisis (don't want to do things such as prone pressure) Acute injuries (don't want to stretch/damage already damage tissue)
61
What are the absolute contraindications of soft tissue technique? (60, ST MFR)
bleeding disorder local infection/malignancy Neurologic entrapement syndromes
62
What are principles of soft tissue (ST) technique? | 62, ST MFR
Hands should never scrape/carry the skin Discomfort should be described as a “good” discomfort by patient Forces applied gently w/ low amplitude at first Pt should identify any discomfort as a "good discomfort" continue until desired effect is obtained (amplitude of excursion maximum reached)
63
What is a type of INR? | 70, ST MFR
REM (releasing enhancing mechanism)
64
What is an REM? | 70, ST MFR
Release enhancing mechanism that speeds up treatment processes
65
What are the indications for MFR? | 71, ST MFR
Somatic dysfunction When HVLA or Muscle Energy is contraindicated When pt. is unable to relax muscle
66
What are the absolute contraindications of MFR? | 72, ST MFR
absence of somatic dysfunction
67
What are the relative contraindications of MFR? | 72, ST MFR
infection of soft tissue/bone metastatic disease DVT fracture or dislocation
68
For Unilateral Forearm Fulcrum Forward Bending when do stretch the trapezius and when do we stretch the posterior scalenes? (7, ST MFR)
Trapezius - head rotated towards elbow Posterior Scalenes - head rotated towards hand
69
What was the mortality ratio of MD: DO for the World Wide Influenza Pandemic? (4, Lymphatics)
500,000:73,500 DO - 0.486% (illinois board 6.94%) MD - 1.08%
70
What was the secondary infection to influenza seen in patients during the World Wide Influenza Pandemic? (4, Lymphatics)
pneumonia (1:16)
71
When does the lymphatic system begin to develop? When does it have a pronounced prevalence? (8, Lymphatics)
5th week of gestation significance - 20th week
72
What is the progression of the prominence of the lymphatic system from birth on? (8, Lymphatics)
system increases until puberty and regresses until death
73
What is the organization of the lymphatic system? | 9, Lymphatics
organized lymph tissue lymph fluid collecting ducts
74
What lines lymphatic vessels? | 21, Lymphatics
endothelium (no basement membrane)
75
How does lymph flow through vessels? | 21, Lymphatics
unidirectional flow w/ valves compression via arterial pulsations
76
What tissue do lymphatics not perfuse? | 21, Lymphatics
epidermis endomysium of muscles and cartilage bone marrow peripheral nerves (some)
77
What are the two different thoracic ducts? | 23, Lymphatics
Thoracic Duct Right Lymphatic Duct
78
What does the Thoracic Duct drain? where does it drain to? | 23, Lymphatics
drains the majority of the body drains to: - -> L internal jugular vein - -> L Subclavian vein
79
What does the Right Lymphatic Duct drain? where does it drain to? (23, Lymphatics)
drains: - -> R side of head - -> R side of neck - -> R side of thorax - -> R upper limb drains to: - -> R internal jugular vein - -> R subclavian vein
80
What is the Cisterna Chyli? | 23, Lymphatics
a dilated collecting sac of the abdomen where the lymphatic trunks draining the lower half of the body merge (ascends as the thoracic duct into the thorax)
81
Where does the Thoracic duct lie? | 27, Lymphatics
lies against the vertebral column anteriorly | deviates left @ T4
82
What increases interstitial fluid pressure? | 31, Lymphatics
increase arterial pressure (HTN/increased BP) increased capillary permeability Increased interstitial fluid protein Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
83
What are the different lymphatic pumps? | 31, Lymphatics
Intrinsic pump extrinsic pump
84
What is the intrinsic pump of the lymphatic system? | 31, Lymphatics
Pressure gradients (large and small vessel disstension)
85
What is the extrinsic pump of the lymphatic system? | 31, Lymphatics
direct pressure on lymphatic vessels (thoracic/pelvic diaphragm)
86
What is the Thoracic Inlet? | 44, Lymphatics
the junction between the thoracic duct and the venous system (at the internal jugular/L subclavian junction)
87
What is Sibson's Facia? | 44, Lymphatics
suprapleural membrane thoracic duct travels cephalic through the fasicia until C7
88
What are indications for lymphatic treatment?
Edema Acute somatic dysfunction Pregnancy
89
What are the relative contraindications for lymphatic treatment? (47, Lymphatics)
circulatory disorders coagulopathies osteoporosis certain infections
90
What are the absolute contraindications for lymphatic treatment? (48, Lymphatics)
anuria (kidney failure) necrotizing fasciitis in treatment area
91
What are the principles of diagnosis? | 50, Lymphatics
fluid pumps spinal involvement central myofascial pathways (assess transition zones) risk-to-benefit ratio peripheral/regional pathways
92
What are the principles of lymphatic treatment? | 58, Lymphatics
remove impediments to lymphatic flow enhance respiratory-circulatory mechanisms of homeostasis
93
What is the treatment technique order for lymphatic treatments? (60, Lymphatics)
open myofascial pathways at transition points within the body maximize the normal diaphragmatic motions increase pressure differentials/increase fluid flow beyond normal levels mobilize targeted tissue fluids into the lymphaticovenous system
94
What do you always do first before lymphatic treatment? | 61, Lymphatics
open the thoracic inlet
95
What are you doing when you open the thoracic inlet? | 61, Lymphatics
you're releasing the restriction of Sibson's fascia (can impede lymph flow)
96
What is an active muscle energy technique? | 5, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory
The patient contributes the corrective force
97
What are the four types of muscular contraction? | 7, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory
Isometric Concentric (bicep flexion) Eccentric (bicep relaxation) Isolytic
98
What is the most important muscular contraction in muscle energy? (7, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory)
Isometric
99
What are the indications for muscle energy? | 33, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory
balance muscle tone strengthen reflexively weakened musculature lengthen a shortened/contractured/spastic muscle
100
What are the sequential techniques for muscles energy? | 35, 36, 37 DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory
body part placed at position of resistance pt. instructed to contract (what muscle, duration) SD applies counterforce (3-5 secs) pt. relaxes SD restacks repeats 2-3 times
101
What factors negatively influence successful muscle energy by the patient? (41, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory)
pt contracts too hard or in wrong direction pt contracts for too short of time
102
What factors negatively influence successful muscle energy by the student doctor? (46, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory)
failure to control joint position failure to provide counterforce in right direction
103
What are the contraindications for muscle energy? | 51, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory
local fracture or dislocation unstable cervical spine evocation of neurological symptoms
104
What words are synonymous with Articulatory Approach? | 54, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory
spring technique low velocity/high amplitude technique Direct technique
105
What is an articulatory approach? | 55, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory
gentle and repetitive motions through the restrictive barrier to restore motion
106
What is a good target group for Articulatory Techniques (Spring Technique)? (56, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory)
arthritic patients elderly/frail patients infants post-op patients
107
What are the relative contraindications of the Articulatory Technique? (62, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory)
vertebral artery compromise
108
What are the absolute contraindications of the Articulatory Technique? (62, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory)
local fracture or dislocation local infection bleeding disorders/serious vascular compromise
109
Compare Muscle Energy Technique (MET) vs Articular Technique (ART)? (63, DSA Muscle Energy and Articulatory)
MET: - -> Direct technique - -> pt. contracts for 3-5s, 3-5x - -> pt. participation ART: - -> Direct technique - -> physician directed motions - -> pt. doesn't participate
110
What are the normal spinal curvatures? | Observation & Palpitation
cervical - lordosis thoracic - kyphosis lumbar - lordosis sacral - kyphosis
111
What is the abnormal spinal curvature? | Observation & Palpitation
scoliosis
112
What receptors are concentrated in the pads of the fingers (not the tips)? (Observation & Palpitation)
touch receptors
113
What receptors are deep in the skin and have a higher sensitivity on the back of the hand? (Observation & Palpitation)
temperature receptors
114
What is scoliosis?
a sideway curvature of the spine

OSI Exam I (4 decks)

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