Oscillations Flashcards
(14 cards)
What conditions must an object satisfy so that its motion can be classified as simple harmonic motion
🔴The acceleration of the object must be directly proportional to its displacement
🔴The acceleration and displacement must be in opposite directions
What are the types of oscillations
Free oscillators and damped oscillations
What are free oscillations
Oscillations in the absence of a resistive medium eg in a vacuum
What are properties of free oscillations
Total Energy= constant W(omega)= constant Amplitude xo= constant T= constant f = constant
What are damped oscillations
Damping due to the presence of any form of resistive medium
What are the types of damped oscillations
Light damping
Medium damping
Heavy damping
What is light damping
Damping in the air
What are the properties of light damping
🔸Total energy decreases exponentially
🔸w(omega), f, T will also decrease but since it decreases at a very slow rate it can be ASSUMED to remain ALMOST CONSTANT
🔶amplitude xo decreases exponentially
What is Medium/Moderate/Critical Damping
The condition in which the damping causes the oscillating system to return as quickly as possible to its equilibrium position without oscillating back and forth about its mean position
Eg in water
What is heavy damping
The environment offers even more degree of resistance (eg in mercury)
The system will again return to its equilibrium position without oscillating back and forth but travels at a much slower speed hence takes a longer duration comparatively
What is a mechanical system
An oscillating system
What is natural or fundamental frequency
Every mechanical system (oscillating system) has its own frequency of oscillation called natural or fundamental frequency (fo)
What is a forced oscillator
An external oscillator which is made to vibrate close to a mechanical system so a transfer of energy takes place from the forced oscillator to the mechanical system causing the amplitude of the mechanical system to increase
What is resonance
When the frequency of the forced oscillator becomes compatible or equal to the fundamental frequency (fo) the amplitude of vibration of the mechanical system is known to reach its maximum value. This phenomenon is termed as resonance
