OSHA

Question 1

4 major fields of behavior

Answer 1

1. personal social - environment, work, play, society
2. motor - starting to access maturity
3. language
4. adapative - use of motor capacity and solutions to practical behavior

Question 2

7 steps in education

Answer 2

1. recognize needs
2. express needs
3. stimulate motivation
4. set goals
5. act to achieve goals
6. reinforce learning
7. evaluate results

Question 3

classical conditioning (Pavlovian or respondant)

Answer 3

associate one stimulus with another

Question 4

operant conditioning

Answer 4

consequences of a behavior is a stimulus that can affect future behavior, rewarded or punished

4 types - positive and negative reinforcement, omission, punishment

Question 5

behavior shaping (successive approximation)

Answer 5

type of operant conditioning, provide reinforcement for progressively closre approx. of final desired behavior

“stimulus response” (SR) theory

Question 6

aversion conditioning

Answer 6

punishment to suppress bad behavior

ex. hand over mouth technique (HOME)

Question 7

observational learning (modeling or behavior shaping)

Answer 7

acquisition of behavior by observation, and performance

Question 8

systemic desensitization

Answer 8

eliminate anxiety assoc. with phobias

Question 9

4 types of aggression

Answer 9

1. constructive - act of self-assertiveness for self protection
2. destructive - hostility unnecessary for protection
3. inward - against oneself
4. aggressive personality - irritable, tantrums, in response to frustation

Question 10

health belief model

Answer 10

ppl will act to prevent disease only when they believe they are susceptible to disease

Question 11

OSHA

Answer 11

protects WORKERS from hazards in a work place

concerned with regulated WASTE in dental office

Question 12

hazardous waste

poisonous waste

infectious waste

Answer 12

• cause harm or injury to environment
• can cause poisonous effect
• can cause disease

Question 13

OHSA bloodborne pathogens standard rule on uniforms

Answer 13

-uniforms laundered on site or off site NOT home

Question 14

what is the most infectious target of standard universal blood precautions?

what is the most infectious bloodborne pathogen?

Answer 14

HIV

HBV

Question 15

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Answer 15

• greatest occupational healthcare worker risk for bloodborne infxn
• employers must offer free vaccine
• infxn usually by: sex, prenatal transfer, percutaneous inoculation

Question 16

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Answer 16

-transmitted by blood in needle sticks, blood transfusion, drug addicts

Question 17

most common dental materials deemed hazardous by OSHA

Answer 17

mercury -> scrap with sulfide solution
nitrous oxide -> max exposure is 1000 ppm
chemicals to develop film

Question 18

medical records must be maintained for _ yrs

Answer 18

30

Question 19

who regulates handpieces and recommends sterilization procedures to the CDC?

Answer 19

FDA

Question 20

who regulates waste transportation from the office?

Answer 20

EPA

Question 21

CDC high risk groups incl

Answer 21

IV druggies, homosexual/bisexual males, ppl getting transfusions, healthcare workers who can contact body fluids

Question 22

quality assessment vs assurance

Answer 22

assessment is - does it meet standards?

assurance involves - structure, process, outcome, measures changes

Question 23

how are sensitivity and specificity related?

Answer 23

inversely proportional

Question 24

sensitivity measures

Answer 24

proportion of ppl with a disease correctly identified by a positive test

= TP/TP + FN

Question 25

specificity is

Answer 25

ability of test to classify health = TN/TN + FP

Question 26

prevalence

Answer 26

of old cases in a population at a specific period time expressed as % of population

Question 27

incidence

Answer 27

of new cases at a certain time expressed as RATE

Question 28

child abuse most involves what age group

Answer 28

newborns up to 3 yrs

Question 29

most popular managed care payment moethod is

Answer 29

capitation

Question 30

DMFT - decayed missing filled teeth or DMFS

Answer 30

irreversible index, permanent teeth | -best caries index for caries susceptibility

Question 31

DEFT - decayed extracted filled teeth

Answer 31

-for primary dentition

Question 32

gingival index (GI)

Answer 32

reversible, based on color, consistency, bop - gingivitis often scored with Loe & Sillness (based on surfaces and inflammation, bleeding) - PMA (papillary, marginal, attached) gingiva index to record prevalence and severity of gingivitis in school kids

Question 33

periodontal index (PI)

Answer 33

- reversible | - assess prevalence of perio disease

Question 34

plaque index of Silness and Loe

Answer 34

reversible | -assess THICKNESS of plaque at gingival margin

Question 35

what % kids have inflammatory perio disease by 15?

Answer 35

80-90 localized acute gingivitis is most common

Question 36

vital stats

Answer 36

1. mortality (death rate) - # deaths caused by a disease 2. morbidity - incidence of disease in a given population 3. natality (birth rate) 4. birth death ratio (vital index) - indicates population growth, stability, rdxn 5. crude death rate

Question 37

randomized study

Answer 37

all subjects have equal chance of being either study or control group

Question 38

bactericidal vs bacteriostatic

Answer 38

kills bacteria static inhibits metabolism and replication

Question 39

sanitation

Answer 39

antimicrobial tx, lowers total microbial load

Question 40

sterilization

Answer 40

killing or removing all microorganisms, complete destruction of all forms oc microbial life incl. spores cell death occurs cause of heat

Question 41

rapid heat transfer sterilization

Answer 41

``` 375 F (191C) for 12 min for wrapped fast, dry heat ```

Question 42

dry heat sterilization

Answer 42

320 F(120 C) 2hrs, or 340F (170C) 1 hr causes COAGULATION of proteins

Question 43

autoclave (moist heat or saturated steam)

Answer 43

250F (121 C) 15-20 min denatures high protein containing bacteria

Question 44

unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization

Answer 44

270 F(132C) 20-40 min instead of distilled water, uses soln oc alcohol, formaldehyde, ketone, acetone to produce vapor requires greater temp and pressure than autoclave does not RUST or corrode metals

Question 45

glutaraldehyde 2%

Answer 45

alkalizing agent, 10 hrs to kill pros - chemical sterilant, use on heat sensitive materials cons - allergenic, toxic to tissues, time

Question 46

ethylene oxide gas

Answer 46

for heat sensitive materials alkylates proteins and nucleic acid toxic

Question 47

antiseptics

Answer 47

safe to external body, can be applied on living tissue ex. chlorhexidine gluconate alcohol is most widely used (isopropyl in hospitals)

Question 48

most effective skin antiseptic that acts as an oxidizing agent, irreversibly combines with proteins

Answer 48

iodine

Question 49

disinfection

Answer 49

reduce numbers or inhibit growth so it's not a threat of disease for inanimate surfaces

Question 50

__ microorganism is the marker for intermediate surface disinfection

Answer 50

mycobacterium tuberculosis | also target for pasterization

Question 51

irritation dermatitis

Answer 51

most common form of adverse epithelial rxn for healthcare professionals 20-30%

Question 52

HIV pts are protected under the

Answer 52

americans with disabilities act