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OSHA traing > OSHA 30 Construction Excavations Part 1,2,3 > Flashcards

OSHA 30 Construction Excavations Part 1,2,3 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

what is a trench

A

a hole that is deeper then it is wide

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2
Q

what are the OSHA requirements for trenches supports

A

the trench must be 5 feet deep and their must be reasonable evidence that their is a cave-in possible

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3
Q

OSHA requires air monitoring in trenches deeper

A

4 feet

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4
Q

can you tell a ground is type A soil type by look

A

no

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5
Q

what are characterisitcs in a cavein in

A

lateral PRESSURE up to 800LBS

Cubic yard weight can be 3000lbs

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6
Q

how far away can spoil pile be

A

2 feet from side of trench

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7
Q

what are the 4 classification soil

A

solid rock

type A

Type B

Type C

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8
Q

what are common soil tests

A

ribbon
thread
thumb
dry strength
sedimentation

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9
Q

type B soil is not

A

sand

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10
Q

when are protective systems not needed

A

when working with solid rock

when dealing with trenches 5 feet or less and without sign of possible cave-ins

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11
Q

type A protective systems

A

sloping 3/4 of an inch every 1 foot

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12
Q

type B protective systems

A

having slopping at 45 degrees or 1 foot per 1 foot of trench wall

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13
Q

why type c soil not practicel

A

it is a poor conditions for it

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14
Q

what must be done if type C soil is sloped

A

it needs to be 1.5 per 1 foot of trench

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15
Q

should trenches that are supported by aluminum shoring be allowed to be entered after they are placed

A

no`

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16
Q

how far away should the shoring of the hydraulic shores be

A

they should e be 4 feet max away from each other and the lowest cylinders should be two feet min from the ground

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17
Q

most shores are pumped up to

A

1000lbs and imparts 3000psi

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18
Q

what needed for workers to work in a type C -type soil

A

whalers

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19
Q

type B soil allows for how many options of protection

A

4

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20
Q

what type of soil is the most common

A

type B

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21
Q

mixed oak timber have greater bending strength then Douglas fir per square inch

A

false

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22
Q

were are the systems for working workers placed in

A

in section E 1926

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23
Q

What are screw jack systems

A

they are like hydraulics but must be adjusted manually

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24
Q

When must an engineer be involved in shoring techniques

A

when the excavation is deep the 20 feet

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25
how far away must equipment be from power sources
10 feet
26
what zone but all equipment be operated in
the zone full operation
27
were can the osha excavation standard be found
29CFR excavation standard
28
what is the requirement of a competent worker
someone who know General protection requirements Soil classifications protective systems
29
what is required for testing soil
at least on qualitative and one quantitative test
30
What is the most trusted classification system for examining soil
the OSHA system
31
how authorizes the competent person
the person's employer
32
cemented soil
soil that cannot be turned to powder simply with hand pressure
33
cohesive soil
high clay content soil hard to break when dry plastic when moist does not crumble
34
dry soil
shows no visible signs of moisture
35
fissured
soil with a tendency to break along definite plans of fracture
36
granular soil
gravel, sand, silt no cohesive strength no or little clay
37
layered system
2 or more soil or rock types
38
plastic soil
can be molded without cracking
39
stable rock
a rock that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact
40
tension cracks
form at a horizontal distance of 0,5 to 0.75 times the depths of the trench measure from the top of the vertical face of the trench ex 10 foot deep trench crack 5 to 7.5 feet back from top of trench
41
sludding or sluffing results from
tension cracks
42
When does toppling occur
when the vertical face shears along the tension crack line an topples into the excavation
43
subsidence/bulging
an unsupported excavation creating an unbalanced stress
44
heaving/ squeezin
caused by downward pressure from weight of adjoining soil causing bulging of the cut
45
boiling
seen from an upward water flow into the bottom of the cuy
46
surcharge loads
any increase in weight in the adjacent area next to the cut
47
ground or rain water in a layered system will produce
a spring or flow between the layers and into the excavation
48
is it problematic when the layers slope
yes
49
confined compressive strength
the load per unit are at which soul will fail
50
unit weight of soil
weight of one unit of particular soil
51
is solid rock allowed to be 90degree if less then 20 ft deep
yes
52
type a soil
must be clay most contain moist must be able to withstand 1.5 tons of cubic pressure
53
common example so f type A soil
clay, silty clay, sandy clay, and clay loam.
54
when is soil not type A
if it is cracked / fissured if it is subject to vibrations if the layers dip into the excavation has been previously disturbed heavy loads are found along the edge
55
What are the properties of type B soil
soil that can withstand strength of .5 to 1.5 Tsf granular cohesions less including silt sandy load silty clay loom and sandy clay loom
56
type Be can be dry rocks but if they are
not stable
57
type C soil characteristics
soil rated below 0.5 tsf or granule soil such as gravel, sand , loamy sand or submerged rock that is unstable
58
when is layered systems materials open to mixig with eachother
when the layered systems soils are 4Horizontal:1Vertical
59
what can a visual test help find
whether a soul is cohesive whether it is made of of granular material
60
soil testing is never done from
inside the cut
61
how should you roll soil in a manual test
it should be 1/8 inch diameter by 2 inches
62
if the excavation being done is temporary and is less then 12 feet how large can the slope be
1/2 by 1
63
Excavation options for type A soil
B-1.1 Excavations made in Type A soil. 1. All simple slope excavation 20 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of ¾:1. Simple Slope -- General SIMPLE SLOPE--GENERAL Exception: Simple slope excavations which are open 24 hours or less (short term) and which are 12 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of ½:1. Simple Slope -- Short Term SIMPLE SLOPE--SHORT TERM 2. All benched excavations 20 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 3/4 to 1 and maximum bench dimensions as follows:Simple Bench SIMPLE BENCH Multiple Bench MULTIPLE BENCH 3. All excavations 8 feet or less in depth which have unsupported vertically sided lower portions shall have a maximum vertical side of 3½ feet. Unsupported Vertically Sided Lower Portion -- Maximum 8 Feet In Depth UNSUPPORTED VERTICALLY SIDED LOWER PORTION--MAXIMUM 8 FEET IN DEPTH All excavations more than 8 feet but not more than 12 feet in depth with unsupported vertically sided lower portions shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1:1 and a maximum vertical side of 3½ feet. Unsupported Vertically Sided Lower Portion -- Maximum 12 Feet In Depth UNSUPPORTED VERTICALLY SIDED LOWER PORTION--MAXIMUM 12 FEET IN DEPTH All excavations 20 feet or less in depth which have vertically sided lower portions that are supported or shielded shall have a maximum allowable slope of ¾:1. The support or shield system must extend at least 18 inches above the top of the vertical side. Supported Or Shielded Vertically Sided Lower Portion SUPPORTED OR SHIELDED VERTICALLY SIDED LOWER PORTION 4. All other simple slope, compound slope, and vertically sided lower portion excavations shall be in accordance with the other options permitted under § 1926.652(b)
64
Excavation types for type B soil
1. All simple slope excavations 20 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1:1. Simple Slope SIMPLE SLOPE 2. All benched excavations 20 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1:1 and maximum bench dimensions as follows: Single Bench SINGLE BENCH Multiple Bench MULTIPLE BENCH 3. All excavations 20 feet or less in depth which have vertically sided lower portions shall be shielded or supported to a height at least 18 inches above the top of the vertical side. All such excavations shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1:1. Vertically Sided Lower Portion VERTICALLY SIDED LOWER PORTION 4. All other sloped excavations shall be in accordance with the other options permitted in § 1926.652(b).
65
shoring
any mechanical system used to prevent collapse og an excavation
66
what OSHA standards outline the requirements of shoring
appendix C and D
67
What is the only type of soil that will never need whaling
type A soil
68
vertical shores are use their must be a min of
3 shores
69
aluminum shores are usual installed
vertically
70
earth excavation is below a shield is permitted as long as it is less then
2feet

OSHA traing (28 decks)

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