Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Question 1

Osmoregulation (water and solute balance)

Answer 1

 active regulation of osmotic pressure of body
fluids
 maintains fluid and electrolyte homeostasis

Question 2

Excretion

Answer 2

process of ridding body of metabolic wastes

Question 3

Ammonia (toxic) excreted mainly by

Answer 3

aquatic animals

Question 4

Urea (less toxic)
synthesis requires _____
excretion requires _____

Answer 4

energy, water

Question 5

Uric acid (less toxic) excreted as

Answer 5

semisolid paste (conserves water

Question 6

Osmoconformers

Answer 6

Most marine invertebrates

Salt concentration of body fluids varies with changes in sea water

Question 7

Nephridial Organs Help maintain homeostasis by

Answer 7

regulating concentration of body fluids
 osmoregulation
excretion of metabolic wastes

Question 8

Protonephridia are found in

Answer 8

flatwoms

Question 9

Metanephridia are found in

Answer 9

earth worms

Question 10

Malpighian Tubules found in

Answer 10

insects

Question 11

Structure and function of vertebrate kidney adapted to

Answer 11

various osmotic challenges of

different habitats

Question 12

Marine Mammals

Ingest sea water with their food produce a

Answer 12

concentrated urine
 usable water is a byproduct
of metabolism

Question 13

Terrestrial Vertebrates

 Must conserve

Answer 13

water adaptations include efficient kidneys

Question 14

Endotherms have a high

Answer 14

metabolic rate

 produce large volume of nitrogenous wastes

Question 15

kidney urea pathwaty

Answer 15

kindney-> urerters->bladder-> ureuthra

Question 16

Renal cortex

Answer 16

outer portion of kidney

Question 17

Renal medulla

Answer 17

inner portion of kidney contains 8 to 10 renal pyramids

Question 18

Renal pyramids

Answer 18

tip of each pyramid is a renal papilla

Question 19

Nephrons

Answer 19

functional units of kidney

each kidney has more than 1 million

Question 20

Each nephron consists of (3)

Answer 20

a cluster of capillaries (glomerulus)
 surrounded by a Bowman’s capsule
 that opens into a long, coiled renal tubule

Question 21

Renal tubule consists of

Answer 21

proximal convoluted tubule
 loop of Henle
 distal convoluted tubule

Question 22

Blood flow in kidney pathway )(4 steps)

Answer 22

from small branches of renal artery
 to afferent arterioles
 to glomerular capillaries
 into an efferent arteriole

Question 23

Efferent arteriole

 delivers blood into

Answer 23

peritubular capillaries that

surround the renal tubule

Question 24

Blood leaves kidney through

Answer 24

renal vein

Question 25

Blood entering a kidney via a renal artery will be

Answer 25

High in oxygen 2. Low in carbondioxide 3. Relatively high in excess salts4. Relatively high in nitrogenous wastes

Question 26

Blood leaving a kidney via a renal vein will be.

Answer 26

Low in oxygen 2. High in carbondioxide 3. Relatively low in excess salts4. Relatively low in nitrogenous wastes

Question 27

Filtration of ______  Reabsorption of ________ ______ Secretion of _______ ______ ions into renal tubule

Answer 27

of plasma,needed materials, potassium, hydrogen

Question 28

Plasma filters through ______ | capillaries into _______ ______

Answer 28

glomerular, Bowman’s capsule

Question 29

Filtration membrane |  permeable walls of

Answer 29

capillaries |  filtration slits between podocytes

Question 30

Podocytes

Answer 30

specialized epithelial cells |  make up inner wall of Bowman’s capsule

Question 31

Filtration is nonselective b/c

Answer 31

small molecules become part of filtrate glucose, other needed materials, metabolic wastes

Question 32

______ of filtrate is reabsorbed from | renal tubules into blood

Answer 32

99%

Question 33

Secretion

Answer 33

Hydrogen ions, certain other ions, and some drugs are actively transported into renal tubule to become part of urine

Question 34

Urine

Answer 34

A watery solution of nitrogenous wastes, | excess salts, and other substances not needed by the body

Question 35

_______ pituitary increases ADH release when body needs to conserve water

Answer 35

Posterior

Question 36

ADH increases permeability

Answer 36

of collecting ducts to water