Ossification

Question 1

What are the 2 types of ossification?

Answer 1

• intramembranous

- endochondral

Question 2

What bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?

Answer 2

• clavicle

- most cranial bones

Question 3

What is the 1st type of bone cell in IO?

Answer 3

Mesenchymal cells

Question 4

In the 1st step of IO, what do mesenchymal cells do?

Answer 4

Cluster together

Question 5

1st Step of IO: What do mesenchymal cells differentiate into?

Answer 5

Osteoblasts

Question 6

1st Step of IO: What is the term for the site of cluster?

Answer 6

Ossification centre

Question 7

1st Step of IO: What do osteoblasts secrete?

Answer 7

Extracellular matrix

Question 8

2nd Step of IO: What do osteoblasts differentiate into?

Answer 8

Osteocytes

Question 9

2nd Step of IO: What process occurs which involves the hardening of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 9

Calcification

Question 10

2nd Step of IO: What mineral is deposited?

Answer 10

Calcium

Question 11

3rd Step of IO: What T is formed?

Answer 11

Trabeculae

Question 12

3rd Step of IO: Trabeculae fuse together to form what type of bone?

Answer 12

Spongy/cancellous bone

Question 13

3rd Step of IO: Connective tissue associated with blood vessels in the trabeculae differentiates into ?

Answer 13

Red bone marrow

Question 14

4th Step of IO: What is formed at the edge of the bone from mesenchyme?

Answer 14

Periosteum

Question 15

What types of bone are formed using intramembranous ossification?

Answer 15

Flat

Question 16

4th Step of IO: What type of bone tissue replaces the spongy bone, only at the surface?

Answer 16

Compact bone

Question 17

4th Step of IO: What type of bone tissue remains in the middle of the bone?

Answer 17

Spongy bone

Question 18

4th Step of IO: What type of bone cell is used to destroy and reform the bone?

Answer 18

Osteoclasts

Question 19

Which types of bones are formed by Endochondral Ossification?

Answer 19

Long bones

Question 20

1st Step of EO: What do mesenchymal cells differentiate into?

Answer 20

Chondroblasts

Question 21

1st Step of EO: what do chondroblasts secrete?

Answer 21

cartilage extracellular matrix

Question 22

1st Step of EO: What does the cartilage model mostly consist of?

Answer 22

Hyaline cartilage

Question 23

2nd Step of EO: Once chondroblasts are deeply buried in the matrix, what are they called?

Answer 23

Chondrocytes

Question 24

2nd Step of EO: How does growth of the cartilage model occur?

Answer 24

Cell division of chondrocytes

Question 25

2nd Step of EO: What process occurs?

Answer 25

Calcification

Question 26

2nd Step of EO: Why do some chondrocytes begin to die?

Answer 26

Nutrients cannot diffuse through the matrix

Question 27

2nd Step of EO: What are the spaces called which are left due to the dead chondrocytes?

Answer 27

lacaunae

Question 28

3rd Step of EO: What develops in the diaphysis of the bone?

Answer 28

Primary ossification centre

Question 29

3rd Step of EO: What replaces most of the cartilage?

Answer 29

Bone tissue

Question 30

4th Step of EO: What bone cells break down the bone to form the medullary cavity?

Answer 30

Osteoclasts

Question 31

4th Step of EO: What is most of the wall of the diaphysis replaced with?

Answer 31

Compact bone

Question 32

5th Step of EO: What develops in the epiphysis of the bone?

Answer 32

Secondary Ossification centre

Question 33

6th Step of EO: What 2 things are formed:

Answer 33

- Epiphyseal plate | - Articular cartilage

Question 34

6th Step of EO: What do the epiphyseal plate and articular cartilage both consist of?

Answer 34

Hyaline cartilage