Osteochondrosis and hip dysplasia Flashcards
Is there a genetic component of hip and elbow dysplasia?
High heritability so genetically vulnerable animals are predisposed although other factors may influence whether an animal gets disease - polygenic
What is the heritability factor for elbow and hip dysplasia?
Elbow dysplasia = 50-70% (very high)
Hip dysplasia = 20-30% (high and numbers would be higher is larger studies made)
What is screening used to do?
Detect carrier animals
Detect primary disease
Detect secondary OA
Doesn’t mean dog needs treatment if not clinically lame
What does the hereditary element of hip dysplasia give rise to?
Ligament hypertrophy (slack ligaments), subluxation, destruction of cartilage and change of shape of joint surface
What do the hereditary changes of hip dysplasia lead to?
Secondary OA with bony and fibrous growth
How do you clinically examine a dog with suspected hip dysplasia?
Observe gait for abnormal hindlimb gait with abduction/circumduction of hindlimb
Muscle wastage, foot/tarus/stifle/lumbosacral spine WNL, hip ROM normal but bilateral pain at full extension
Ortolani test used under sedation at same time as radiographs
How do you perform an ortolani test?
Lay dog on its back, press down to subluxate and abduct femur to see when it pops back in, longer angle = larger luxation
Bring leg back to middle and if angle of subluxation is very close to angle of reduction shows there is a shallow acetablum
What is the progression of hip dysplasia?
0-6 months = subluxation with normal gait
6-16 months = subluxation, abnormal gait, damage and inflammation, pain, lameness
16 months onwards = abnormal joint, secondary OA, pain, lameness, muscular/fibrous stabilisation with pain free restricted range
What is subclinical hip dysplasia?
Anatomical changes with no clinical signs
What is clinical hip dysplasia?
Anatomical changes leading to pain, lameness, restricted movement and exercise intolerance
