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Anatomy & Physiology > Osteology > Flashcards

Osteology Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Axial skeleton function

A

Protect main organs

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton function

A
  1. Support
  2. Movement
  3. Protection
  4. Blood cell production
  5. Mineral store (calcium & phosphate)
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3
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Dense connective tissue found at the end of bones

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4
Q

Ligament function

A
  1. Connect bone to bone

2. Support

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5
Q

Tendon function

A
  1. Connect muscle to bone
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6
Q

Types of bone

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
  3. Flat bones
  4. Irregular bones
  5. Sesamoid bones
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7
Q

Sections of vertebrae

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
  5. Coccygeal
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8
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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9
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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10
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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11
Q

Number of sacral vertebrae

A

5

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12
Q

Number of coccygeal vertebrae

A

4 (fused)

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13
Q

Number of true ribs

A

7 (upper 7 attached to sternum)

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14
Q

Number of false ribs

A

3 (ribs 8-10 attached to costal cartilage of upper ribs)

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15
Q

Number of floating ribs

A

2 (ribs 11 & 12 do not have an anterior)

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16
Q

Long bone structure

A
  • outer layer is compact bone (hard)
  • inner layer is spongy bone
  • epiphyses at either end covered by articular cartilage
  • associated with larger movements
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17
Q

Short bone structure

A
  • cube shaped

- associated with smaller, more complex movements

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18
Q

Flat bone structure

A
  • thin & flattened
  • protects vital organs
  • usually slightly curved
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19
Q

Irregular bone structure

A
  • complicated (irregular) shape
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20
Q

Sesamoid bone structure

Study These Flashcards
A
  • small bones held within tendons
21
Q

Long bone examples

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Femur
  2. Humerus
  3. Phalanges
22
Q

Short bone examples

23
Q

Flat bone examples

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Sternum
  2. Ribs
  3. Scapula
24
Q

Irregular bone examples

25
Sesamoid bone examples
1. Patella
26
Structure of bones
1. Diaphysis 2. Epiphysis 3. Articular cartilage 4. Periosteum 5. Endosteum 6. Medullary cavity
27
Properties of the diaphysis
- shaft of bone | - compact bone
28
Properties of the ephiphysis
- ends of bone - contain more spongy bone - covered in articular cartilage
29
Properties of articular cartilage
- covers end of bone - protects bone - forms smooth joint
30
Properties of the periosteum
- membrane that lines outer surface of all bones - irregular - regenerates quickly
31
Properties of the endosteum
- membrane that lines inner surface of all bones | - regenerates quickly
32
Properties of the medullary cavity
- contains red and yellow marrow - more red in children's - red marrow produced in heads of bone in adults
33
Bone composition
1. Extracellular matrix 2. Osteon 3. Lacunae
34
Bone cells
1. Osteogenic cells 2. Osteoblasts 3. Osteocytes 4. Osteoclasts
35
What is the extracellular matrix?
Organic matrix made up of proteins and collagen fibres
36
What is an osteon
- main structure within compact bone - weight-bearing pillars within bone - contain lamellae - Haversian Canal - Volksmann Canals
37
Haversian Canal
Contains blood vessels and nerves in osteons
38
Volksmann Canals function
Connect osteons to each other and the periosteum
39
What is the lacunae?
- contains osteocytes | - found in pits in lamellae
40
Location of osteogenic cells
Throughout bone
41
Function of osteogenic cells
Differentiate into osteoblasts or stay as bone stem cells
42
What is different about osteogenic cells compared to the other bone cells?
They are able to reproduce themselves as they are the only ones with the ability to undergo mitosis
43
Function of osteoblasts
- secrete collagen fibres & other organic components needed to build bone matrix - initiate process of calcification
44
What are osteoblasts?
Bone building cells
45
What are osteocytes
Mature bone cells
46
Function of osteocytes
- maintain daily function of bones - maintain mineral concentration in matrix - exchange nutrients with the blood
47
Location of osteoclasts
Concentrated in the endosteum
48
Function of osteoclasts
Releases cells that breakdown the bone matrix
49
Formation of osteoclasts
Formed from the fusion of many white blood cells

Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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