OSTEOLOGY Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Is Femur a long bone?
A
YES
2
Q
Is Scapula a long bone?
A
NO
3
Q
Is Sacrum a short bone?
A
NO
4
Q
Is Patella a sesamoid bone?
A
YES
5
Q
The clavicle possess a rougher upper surface
A
NO
6
Q
Scapula possess an articular surface on its lateral angle
A
YES
7
Q
Fibula takes part in formation of knee joint
A
NO
8
Q
Radius is the bone of ante brachium that is located on same side as thumb
A
YES
9
Q
Malleolus lateralis is located at distal end of tibia
A
NO
10
Q
Glenoid cavity is a component of humerus
A
NO
11
Q
Prominent bone markings of scapula are
A
Coracoid process, acromion process and scapular spine
12
Q
Component bones of pectoral girdle are
A
Clavicle + Scapula
13
Q
Structures of humerus that accept projections of ulna flexion and extensions are
A
Coronoid fossa + olecranon fossa
14
Q
Growth in length of a bone is at
A
Epiphyseal line
15
Q
structural feature of a typical cervical vertebra is
A
Transverse foramen
16
Q
Head of femur articulates with
A
Acetabulum
17
Q
Among prominent bone markings of tibia are
A
Anterior crest, tibial tuberosity + medial malleolus
18
Q
Medial malleolus is a process on the
A
Tibia
19
Q
Roughened vertical ridge on posterior surface of femoral shaft is
A
Linea aspera
20
Q
Which portion of sternum attached to greatest number of ribs?
A
Body
21
Q
Sulcus nervi ulnaire is placed
A
Behind the medial epicondyle of humerus
22
Q
What is more familiar name for thoracic cage
A
Rib Cage
23
Q
What is the coxal bone also known as?
A
Hip bone
24
Q
Where in human body can sesamoid bones be found?
A
Tendons
Where tendons pass over a joint
25
How many bones in the human body
206
26
What type of bone are the pisiform and the patella?
Sesamoid
27
Vitamin D deficiency can cause
Rickets
28
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
29
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
30
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
31
How many sacral vertebrae are there?
5 Fused
32
How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?
4 fused
33
Which surface represents a depression in a bone?
Fossa
34
Medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin layer of connective tissues called
Endosteum
35
What type of bone cells tears down bone during the building + remodelling process?
Osteoclasts
36
Cervical Vertebrae differ from lumbar vertebrae in all of these aspects except
Presence of transverse processes
37
What portion of the scapula articulates with clavicle?
Acromion
38
What location on the humerus is the site of frequent fractures?
Surgical neck
39
Which part of humerus receives a process by the same name that comprises the outer elbow bone?
Olecranon Fossa
40
What portion of radius articulates with capitulum of humerus?
Head
41
How many phalanges are present in each hand?
14
42
At what location do the three bones of ossa coax ossify?
Acetabulum
43
What is the point of attachment for the patellar ligament on tibia?
Tibial Tuberosity
44
What process makes up the outer ankle "bone"?
Lateral Malleolus of fibula
45
Bones that form in tendons in response to stress are called:
Sesamoid bones
46
Whats not part of the axial skeleton?
Os coxae
47
Whats not part of the appendicular skeleton?
The vertebral column
48
what's not a function of the skeletal system?
Coordination
49
what's not protected by skeletal system?
muscles
50
bone is primarily composed of:
Large amounts of Calcium + Phosphorous
51
in function, skeletal system is most closely associated with:
muscular system
52
What is not part of the bones categories:
thick bones
53
a facet is described as:
flattened or shallow articulating surface
54
a small pit or depression on a bone is referred to as a:
fovea
55
large bones that enzymatically break down bone tissue and that play an important role in bone growth, remodelling, and healing are known as:
osteoclasts
56
osteocytes within compact bone tissue are located in minute capsules, or spaces known as :
lacunae
57
in compact bone the matrix is laid down in concentric rings called:
Lamellae
58
what builds up bone + what breaks down done?
osteoblast activity + osteoclast activity
59
clarification is the process of:
ossification
60
what's the process by which minerals are deposited in the matrix of cartilaginous bone tissue?
clacification
61
spongy bone develops at the what centres
secondary ossification
62
what consists of 5 histological zones?
Epiphyseal plate (cartilage)
63
what are the 5 histological zones?
1. Resting zone
2. Proliferating zone
3. Maturing + Hypertrophic zone
4. Clacified cartilage zone
5. Ossification zone
64
which region transforms cartilage tissue to bone tissue?
ossification zone
65
what's not part of the four curvatures of the vertebral column?
Brachial curve
66
what are the four curvatures of the vertebral column?
1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Pelvic curves
67
Processes that limit the twisting of the vertebral column are:
articular processes
68
what's not part of the rib cage?
clavicles
69
what's the three components of sternum, listed from superior to inferior in position
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
70
what structure is common to all ribs:
head + neck
71
a fissure is:
a narrow, slitlike opening
72
what is the medullary cavity lined with?
Endosteum NOT periosteum
73
Trabeculae:
are found in spongy bone + give spongy bone a latticework appearance
74
how is periosteum attached to a bone?
by strong collagenous fibres called 'Sharpey's fibres OR perforating fibres
75
what's the primary curve of the vertebrae column?
Thoracic + Pelvic curves;
| because they are present during fatal life.
76
what's the secondary OR pensatory curves of vertebrae column?
Cervical + Lumbar;
| developed after birth
77
what's NOT. Characteristic of lumbar vertebrae?
Thin, long spinous processes + Transverse foramina
78
What are the 6 bones / bony elements of the upper limb?
1. Humerus
2. Ulna
3. Radius
4. Capitates
5. Hamate
6. Lunate
79
What are the 6 bones / bony elements of the lower limb?
1. Femur
2. Tibia
3. Fibula
4. Patella
5. Calcaneus
6. Talus
80
The components of bone are?
1. Cortical bone (compact) - structural
2. Trabecular bone (spongy) - structural
3. Bone marrow - structural + production RBC
4. Vessels - nutritional
5. Nerves - tropical + functional
81
Different types of bone cells involved in bone homeostasis are:
1. Osteoclasts
2. Osteoblasts
3. Osteocytes
82
Outside factors affecting bone mass are:
1. Exercise
2. Body weight
3. Diet
4. Menopause in women
83
Fibrous connective tissue membrane which is covering outside the diaphysis is:
Periosteum
84
Cylindrical tubes made of concentric lamellae are called:
Osteons
85
How many + what are the types of bone in human body?
1. Long bones - femur, humerus
2. Short bones - carpals, tarsals
3. Flat bones - scapula, sternum, cranium, rib
4. Irregular bones - vertebrae, sacrum, hipbone
5. Sesamoid bones - joints-kneecaps, hands, feet
86
What are the functions of the 5 different bones?
1. Long bones - support weight + facilitate movement
2. Short bones - cube shaped + allow stability
3. Flat bones - protect internal organs
4. Irregular bones - have complex shape
5. Sesamoid bones - reinforce tendons/ found inside tendons
87
Whats the function of bones?
1. Support
2. Protection
3. Mineral storage (calcium homeostasis)
4. Hematopeisis (bone marrow -post natal)
5. Hearing
6. Locomotion (muscular skeletal system)
88
what's part of the axial skeleton?
1. skull
2. vertebral column
3. rib cage
89
what's part of the appendicular skeleton?
1. shoulder girdle
2. arm, hand
3. pelvic girdle
4. leg, foot
90
What are the 2 types of bones?
1. compact bone
| 2. Spongy bone
91
Compact bone;
- AKA cortical bone
- dense bone
- matrix filled with solid granules
- tiny spaces = osteocytes
- white in colour
- 80% of skeleton
92
Spongy bone;
- AKA Cancellous/ trabecular
- surrounded by compact
- highly vascularised + porous tissue
- bone marrow + hematopoeitic stem cells differentiate into RBC here + WBC
- Pink in colour
- 20% of skeleton
93
Osteoblasts;
- Found in surface bone
- Single nucleus
- found surface of bone
- differentiates into osteocytes
- Positive for AP (alkaline phosphate)
94
Osteocytes;
- Found in matrix
- Mono nucleus
- Trapped in lacunae
95
Osteoclasts;
- Phagocytic cells
- responsible for bone degradation
- latest cell
- multinuclear
- Positive for TRAP ( Tatrate Resistant Alkaline Phosphate)
96
BONE MARROW CONSISTS OF;
1. Stroma - contains mesenchymal stem cells = differentiate into osteoblast + osteoclast
2. Myeloid tissue - Red marrow
3. Fat
4. Lymphatic tissue - infection fighting cells
97
Red marrow;
- Production of RBC
- Contains haemopoetic tissue = produces blood cells
- Highly vascularised
98
Yellow Marrow;
- Not as vascularised
| - large no. of fat cells
99
BONE CHANGES;
1. Osteopenia -
2. Osteoporosis - Osteoblasts not active enough
- bones loss
- weak + may break
3. Osteopetrosis - Osteoclast deficiency or not active
- "stone bone"
- bones become harder
- denser
