osteoporosis

Question 1

What is osteoporosis

Answer 1

Chronic metabolic bone loss resulting in decreased density and fracture

Question 2

Highest risk of fracture

Answer 2

Spine hip and wrist

Question 3

Osteopenia

Answer 3

pre-osteoporosis

Question 4

BMD is affected by

Answer 4

hormone levels (estrogen)

Question 5

Generalized (primary and seconday)

Answer 5

Primary- Most common, female post menopause, males in 70s and 80s

Secondary- Results from other conditions, hyperparathyroidism, steroids

Question 6

Regional

Answer 6

Immobilized limb (>8-12 weeks) 
- Gravity-free environment

Question 7

Educate Target groups

Answer 7

• Build while you can
• Diet
• Weight beating exercise
• limit carbonation
• weight bearing exercise
• avoid excessive alcohol intake
• avoid smoking
• sun exposure

Question 8

Assessment

Answer 8

Kyphosis, shrinking stature, back pain, presence of compression vertebral fractures
- back pain is sign of fracture

Question 9

diagnostics

Answer 9

Biochemical markers, serum calcium and vitamin D, XRay, MRI/MRS, pQUS, DXA (cDXA and pDXA)

Question 10

BMD T-Score

Answer 10

REpresents the number of standard deviations

• osteopenia -1to -2.5
• Osteoporosis T score lower than -2.5

Question 11

BMD testing recommeneded every 2 years

Answer 11

- for people >/= 65 w/ 
low estrogen 
- vertebral abnomalities 
-Long term steroid treatment 
 - Hyperparathyroidism  
- On a medication for OP

Question 12

Problems/ ND for Osteoporosis

Answer 12

Potential for fractures

Question 13

Interventions for OP

Answer 13

Nutrition, Weight bearing exercise, strenghtening exercise, avoid smoking, reduce alcohol intake , fall precautions, Drug therapy (T-score < -2/ no risk factors, < -1.5 with rfs)

Question 14

Osteomylitis

Answer 14

Bone infection -> necrosis

Question 15

Exogenous osteomylitis vs Endogenous

Answer 15

Infection orignates outside the body

- Infection is carried by bloodstream from other parts of the body

Question 16

Risk factors

Answer 16

infection, cathters, IV drug use, Dialysis, salmonella, poor dental care trauma

Question 17

Assessment of osteomylitis

Answer 17

• Bone pain
• Constant, localized, pulsating
• Worsens with movement
• Fever> 101 degrees F
• Redness, swelling, tenderness, heat

Question 18

Interventions

Answer 18

• Antibiotics/antivirals/ Antifungal
• Long term IV antimicrobial therapy (PICC)
• Wound management
• Pain management
• Hyperbaric chambers
• Surgery