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Adult Health 1 > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Spread through

A

-blood, semen, breast milk, vaginal secretions

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2
Q

Sexual contact

A

-Genital, anal, oral

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3
Q

Parental

A
  • IV drug use, blood transfusion
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4
Q

Perinatal

A

-placenta, maternal blood, delivery, breastmilk

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5
Q

Risky behavior….. who is likely to be more infected

A
  • females from infected males
    Anal intercourse is highest risk
  • Higher viral load > higher chance
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6
Q

Prevention via sexual transmission

A
  • ABCD
  • Abstinence, being faithful, condom use, Drugs
  • PEP
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7
Q

Prevention through parental transmission

A
  • use of cleaning needles with diluted bleach
  • needle excahnge programs
  • PrEP
  • Blood donation screening
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8
Q

Perinatal prevention

A
  • Drup therapy drops risk of transmission
  • babies born to mothers with HIV should betreated with meds 4-6 weeks after delivery
  • Cesarean delivery
  • no breastfeeding
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9
Q

For HCW

A
  • Common route is dirty needle stick
  • may come from infected wounds and body fluids
  • use standard precautions
  • Sharps injury prevention
  • PEP
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10
Q

4th generation testing

A
  • Blood 4th gen HIV assay
    -Detects HIV antibodies (HIV IgM and IgG) within 21 days
    -Detects p24 antigen (HIV capsid protein) within 14 days
    If positive-> test for HIV-1 vs HIV-2
    NAT (nucleic acid test) looking for HIV RNA (acute infection
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11
Q

Home testing kits

A

Transmucosal exudate- results in 20 minutes
Drop of blood
If test is +, results should be verified with further testing

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12
Q

Viral Load

A
  • Measures amount of HIV virla RNA particles in blood
  • The higher the viral load, the greater the risk of transmitting
  • Can detect as little as 40 particles/ mL - 80,000 particles
  • For HIV infectivity and therapy effectiveness
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13
Q

Other diagnostic testing

A

-Lymphocyte count, Cd4 count, Viral load testing/ Quant RNA assays, CBC, CMP, Toxoplasmosis antibody titer, LFT, HEp A,B,C, Lipid profile, Syphilis

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14
Q

If they have syphillis

A

needs to be tested once a year

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15
Q

1) Acute HIV infection

A

flu- like symptoms

VEry contagious/ high viral load

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16
Q

2) Chronic HIV infection (asymptomatic)

A
  • HIV active and reproducing slowly
  • Lasts ten years, untreated
  • Can transmit HIV to others
  • With medication some people remain in this pahse indefinitely
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17
Q

3) AIDS

A
  • Immune system is severely damaged
  • CD4+ count is below 200 cells/ mm
  • or they develop opportunistic infections
  • Without treatment, death occurs in about 3 years
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18
Q

HIV stages (1-4)

A

Stage 1- CD4 T-cell count> 500 cells/ mm3 (no AIDs defining illness)
Stage 2 CD4 T-cell count btw 200-499 with no AIDS defining illness
Stage 3 CD4 T-cell count less than 200 cells or a person with over 200 but has an AIDS defining illness
Stage 4: Confirm HIV with no further info regarding CD4 status/ illnesses

19
Q

HIV becomes AIDs when

A

CD4 T-cell count <200 cells or HIV positive with presence of OI’s

20
Q

Who should be screened

A
  • All adults btwn ages 13 and 65
  • annual screening for those at higher risk for HIV
  • Prenatal screening
  • Frequent testing for people with repeated high- risk exposure
21
Q

Assessment

A
  • History
  • Infections
  • Malignancies
  • Endocrin problems
  • Neuro problesm
  • Protein wasting
  • Skin problems
  • kidney problems
  • support
  • current level of fxn
22
Q

Important Assessment priority!!!!

A

INfection!!
- should be monitored on a routine basis for immune fxn
and presence of infections/ disease progression
At risk for OIs and pathogenic infections

23
Q

Opportunistic infections Your Role!

A

Assess for signs and symptoms for OI and how patinet is responding to treatments of OI’s
-report immediately

24
Q

Most common OI

A

PCP
- Fungal infection
Symptoms: persistant cough, low-grade fever, tachypnea, dyspnea, crackles in lungs, wheezing, fatigue

25
Q

PCP Diagnosis

A

-Presentation, sputum culture, bronchial lavage, transbronchial or open lung bioposy

26
Q

PCP Txt

A
  • TMP/SMX Bactrim

- support (O2, positive pressure)

27
Q

Toxoplasmosis Enephalitis

A

Protozoa

- Stay away from cat litter and cook meat

28
Q

Toxo encephilitis manifestations

A
  • Neuro changes
  • fever
  • lethargy
  • headaches
29
Q

Txt for TE

A

Treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

30
Q

Disseminated MAC

A
  • CD4 < 50

- occurs in patinet who are not on antiretroviral therapy

31
Q

Manifestation of Dissminated MAC

A
  • Dissminated multi-organ infection

- anemia, fever, night sweats, fatigue, diarhhea, abd pain, wt loss

32
Q

Dissiminated MAC txt

A

support

- Clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifabutan

33
Q

TB manifestations

A

Cough, dyspnea, chest pain, night sweats, weight loss, anorexia, fever, chills

  • CD4+ T-cell count is below 200 cells/mm 3 TB skin test may be positive
  • Diagnosed by NAAT, CXR, sputum smear or culture
  • Tx is complicated
34
Q

Malignancies

A
  • Karposi’s Sarcoma
  • Kymphomas
  • Cervical cancer
  • Lung cancer
  • Anal cancer
  • GI cancer
35
Q

Anal cancer

A

Caused by HPV

  • Also cause cervical cancer
  • Cervical PAP test every 6 months
  • Can also perform anal PAP test
36
Q

other findings

A
  • Gonadal dysfunction
  • Body shape changes
  • Lipid abnormalaties
  • Lipodystrophy
  • Lioatrophy
  • Type 1 DM
  • AIDs dementia complex
  • AIDs wasting syndrome
37
Q

Interventions

A
  • Education
  • Montiro VS and tmep
  • No fresh plants or flowers
  • No visitors who are sick
  • Hand washing
  • Inspect patinet mouth, skin and genitals (watch for skin lesions)
  • avoid catheters
38
Q

Education

A

Avoid contact with sick people, bathe daily with antibacterial soap, avoid sharing personal items, dietary changes, avoid pet litter, signs of infection/ report

39
Q

Drug therapy

A

ART

  • Inhibits viral replications
  • HAART
  • Drugs should taken 90% correctly
40
Q

Intervention oxygen

A

Apply oxygen as needed

  • positioning
  • rest/ limiting activities
41
Q

Intervention nutrition

A
  • cause by nausea, anorexia, diarhhea, n/v, mucosial lesions/ thrush
  • determin cause make adjustments
  • monitor weights I’s and O’s
  • High calorie/ high protien/ low fat
  • small frequent meals
  • Mouth care (sodium bicarb, soft brush)
  • Avoid foods that cause infections
42
Q

Intervention Diarhhea

A

Symtom mangment, drug therpapy, food choices, avoid alcoholand caffeine, avoid dairy, small, frequent meals, fluid intake, skin assessment

43
Q

Intevention for skin integrity

A 
KArposi responds to ART 
- Analgesics 
-prevent infections 
Herpes simplex -clean with NS 
- Assess, assess
44
Q

Care Continumm

A

Identify level of assistance needed

  • social support
  • pt and family support
  • dealing with social stigma
  • peer to peer education

Adult Health 1 (18 decks)

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